Consulting to Indian States, Assam, Manipur, Arunachal for Indo-Naga Peace talk is deceive to the World not only to Naga

Consulting to Indian States, Assam, Manipur, Arunachal for Indo-Naga Peace talk is deceive to the World not only to Nagas.!

(23/06/2018)

-The talks are between the Government of India and the Nagas, NSCN IM

The seven (7) Northeast state of India (eastern Asia), was never part of India. no Indian ruler is known in the history who rule this place. More than 200 ethnic groups or tribes living here, among them Nagas are the first nation that on 14th august 1947 openly declared their independence out of the Indian domain.

India must understand that struggling more than 70 plus years and sacrifice more than 4 lakh Nagas that comprises less than about 2 million people for independence Nagalim was great sacrificed and enough to prove that Nagas will not surrender the political rights of the Nagas. The heroic struggle of the Nagas resistance enjoys popular support from the world. It indicates that India will not be able to crush the zeal for freedom of the Naga People.

From Gandhi to notorious Nehru to Modi through their fake commitments, agreements, truces, ceasefire…etc repeatedly deceived the Nagas. It would only block our struggle temporarily, not permanently. India has been applied all their notorious evil techniques, except nuclear bomb, to crush the Nagas but failed. This means it unveils the fact that India will have to leave Nagalim today or tomorrow.

To integrate Nagas Inhabited areas which were divided arbitrarily by the British-India, India tries to set a thief to catch a thief. Our leaders should comprehend the Indian game plan. also, the state of Manipur, Assam, Arunachal should stand against their common foes (Indian), knowing the historical background setting aside their petty interest if they stick the peace, development in the region. They should narrow down their differences including territorial disputes as Nagas didn’t demand other lands.

Nagas should not trust the Indian leadership and bureaucrats, they made so many commitments, signed on many agreements and accords, held so many dialogues, observed hundred of a ceasefire but all those bring fail to bring any changes. All these are tools of bluffing the people of the Nagas.

Nagas should also cling to our original demand of holding a plebiscite in Naga land that Nagas voluntarily held in Nagaland in the 40s to disprove the Indian constitution.

Historical evidence says, Indian leaders in their words are very generous but they are equally dishonest in deeds and practices.

Let the international community wait and see how the honeymoon of dialogue & ceasefire of Indo-Naga peace ends!

Pictures - Global Nagas Mass Rally in New Delhi

The Significance of Martyrs’ Day – 27th August 1948: UNC

 

                                    The Significance of Martyrs’ Day – 27th August 1948: A Narrative

Before the advent of the British into the Naga Country, the Nagas lived in Village republics and were free from any external interference and domination. With the coming of the British, boundaries were redrawn arbitrarily to suit their administrative convenience and also to keep the allies of the British in good humor. As a consequence, the Naga territories were placed in the different states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Nagaland in India and some part in Burma.

During the First World War in 1914-1918, Nagas rendered their service in the Labor Corps of the British force and went to France as British subjects. This journey across the land and seas fostered the concept of Naga Nationalism. In 1918, the Naga Club was formed by the union of educated Nagas, and the foundation of future Naga Politics was thus laid.

Naga politics and the fight for their rights, land, and people.

1) The Naga Club submitted a memorandum to the Simon Commission at Kohima on 10 January in 1929 demanding in clear terms that the Nagas should be left alone as before when the British leave India.

2) In 1930-32, the “Naga Raj” movement was launched by Haipou Jadonang, a Zeliangrong Naga and Rani-Gaidinliu, his cousin sister in the then Tamenglong sub-division to free the people from the yoke of the colonial rule. The former was hanged by the British on 29th August 1931 at Imphal Central jail and subsequently, Rani Gaidinliu was arrested and jailed.

3) The Nagas of Manipur were independent of the Manipur Raja before the advent of the British. Even after the British came, they were administered by the political department of the British Crown. The Manipur Raja and his Darbar administered only the valley area till 15th August 1947.

4) As the departure of the British became imminent, Naga leaders, both in Manipur and in the then Naga Hills District of Assam began to seriously ponder over their political future. Thus the Naga National Council (NNC) was formed by the Naga people in February 1946 to fight for their rights, land, and people.

5) On the other hand, in September 1946, the Naga National League (NNL) was organized to consolidate the Nagas of Manipur in order to bring together the Naga people separated by colonial boundaries. The members of the Working Committee of the NNL were as follows –

1. Athikho Daiho : President 4. Hepuni Prajii : Vice-Secretary
2. Ng. Thaiso : Vice-President 5. Kapani Kashiprii : Treasurer
3. N. Modoli : Secretary 6. Kholi Puni : Assistant Treasurer

6) In the same year (1946), the Government of British India proposed the creation of a North Eastern Frontier Province including Manipur, Tripura, and Assam. Hijam Irabot, the Meitei leader, quickly formed an organizing committee with himself as the Chairman and opposed the creation of the North Eastern Frontier Province and instead demanded a Legislative Assembly for Manipur for which a memorandum was submitted to the Governor-General of India.

7) To the dismay of the Nagas, against their wishes to live together with their brethren of the Naga Hills of the then Assam, the Government of India decided to grant a Legislative Assembly in Manipur. At this juncture, Mr. F. F. Pearson, President, Manipur State Darbar hurriedly constituted the Manipur State Constitution and the Manipur State Hill Peoples (Administration) Regulation Drafting Committee to work out an interim administrative arrangement for Manipur before the lapse of the British Paramountcy.

Mr. A. Daiho and Mr. Tiankham, representatives of hill tribes in the Committee pointed out that the draft constitution should incorporate the following clause - “the principle of equality and freedom as applied to all without distinction of caste, creed, and race shall include the right of any section of hill people to secede at the end of five years period should the condition within the constitution not be satisfactory”. Mr. A. Daiho and Mr. Tiankham made it clear that if the clause was not incorporated they would not be a party to the constitution. When the draft Constitution was submitted to the Maharaja of Manipur on 15/5/47, Mr. F. F. Pearson, Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee, drew the particular and personal attention of the Maharaja to the dissension of the representatives of the hill tribes.

8) Shortly after, in June 1947, the 9 Point Agreement was signed between the NNC and Sir Hydari, the Governor of Assam. Clause 6 of the Agreement, provided for the integration of the contiguous Naga areas into one administrative unit, and Clause 9 provided for the right to determine their political future after an interim period of 10(ten) years. The Government reneged on the terms of the agreement.

9) A Naga delegation met Gandhiji on 19 July 1947 at Bhangi Colony, New Delhi, and told him of their resolve to declare their independence. Gandhiji told the delegation that “Nagas have every right to be independent. We did not want to live under the domination of the British and they are now leaving us. I want you to feel that India is yours. But if you say that they are not mine, the matter must stop there. I believe in the brotherhood of man, but I do not believe in force or forced unions. If you do not wish to join the Union of India, nobody will force you to do that”. When his attention was drawn to the threat posed by Sir Akbar Hydari to use force against the Nagas if they refused to join the Union of India, Gandhiji exclaimed! “Sir Akbar Hydari is wrong. He can not do that I will come to the Naga Hills; I will ask them to shoot me first before one Naga is shot”. Assured by Gandhiji’s words, the Nagas declared their Independence on 14th August 1947, one day earlier to the Indian Independence day.

10) After 15th August 1947, when the paramountcy was transferred to the Maharaja of Manipur without the consent of the hill people, the NNL stated the Nagas of Manipur will not remain with the Meiteis since the latter had never conquered the Nagas and declared that it would be impossible for the Nagas to preserve the best of their culture, tradition, customary laws and political practices should the Naga people and their land be split up and placed under different influence and politics. The NNL expressed their strong desire to merge with the Naga Hills District of Assam through the BOYCOTT of the preparation of electoral rolls in Naga areas.

11) The President of the NNC wrote in his letter dated 26th August 1947 to the Maharaja of Manipur that the “right of secession “(from Manipur) demanded by the hillmen at the end of five years should be accepted for paving the way for goodwill between the hills and the valley and also the State and the NNC as a whole.

12) In the memorandum dated 24/1/48 addressed to Sardar Patel, Deputy Prime Minister of India, the NNL along with Naga chiefs and headmen stated that the Nagas of Manipur will accept nothing short of consolidation of contiguous Naga areas under one administrative unit by the Government through the immediate provincial authority.

11) Shortly after, another Memorandum dated 9/3/48 was submitted by the President NNL to the Ministry of States, Government of India stating that since no response to the persistent submissions made to the successive Governors of Assam and Government of India had been forthcoming and also because of the innumerable tactics of the Manipur State Government to suppress the rightful demand of the Nagas and other hillmen, a no-tax campaign would be launched and they would desist payment of revenue to Manipur State but pay the same to any such authority as may be determined by the Provincial Government acting on behalf of the Central Government.

12) In spite of the democratic demand for consolidation of contiguous Naga areas under one administrative unit and the explicit opposition to the Manipur State Draft Constitution by the tribe representatives, the General Election under the Manipur State Constitution Act 1947 was held in June 1948. The Nagas boycotted the election.

13) The “NO TAX CAMPAIGN” 1948: A landmark in the history of the political movement of the Nagas of Manipur. Thus the “NO TAX CAMPAIGN” was launched when Maharaj Kumar Priyobrata Singh was the Chief Minister of Manipur. The Nagas in Manipur refused to pay the annual House Tax to the Government of Manipur and under the aegis of the NNL submitted their annual house tax to Charles Pawsey, D.C. of Naga Hills of Assam at Kohima.

It was an act of defiance against the Authority of the State, under which the Nagas of Manipur had been placed without their consent. It was also a means of putting pressure on the Indian Government for securing the merger of the Nagas in Manipur with the Naga Hills District.

“27th August 1948 “MARTYRS’ DAY”: The Manipur Maharaja, Budh Chandra was in good terms with Sir Akbar Hydari, the then Governor of Assam, who was requested by the Maharaja to send a contingent of Assam Rifles to arrest Mr. A.Daiho. Sir Akbar Hydari, well known for his anti-Naga political stand, gladly approved and dispatched a contingent of 4th Assam Rifles along with State Police equipped with rifles and machine guns, to Mao Gate on 27th August 1948. The Assam Rifles took a position in and around Mao Inspection Bungalow in warlike fashion and indiscriminately fired at the volunteers/ students of the Mao-Maram Tribal Council (now Mao, Maram, Poumai, Thangal, and Upper Zeliang) who were blocking the road leading to the residence of Mr. A. Daiho.

In the firing, the followings were shot dead/grievously wounded by the Assam Rifles:
Name Village Status
1. Mr. Asiisii Hepuni Punanamei Volunteer (shot dead on the spot)
2. Mr. Mahriili Lohrii Kalinamei Student (shot dead on the spot)
3. Mr. Modo Kholi Kalinamei Student (shot dead on the spot)
4. Mr. Daikho Hesho Chowainamai Khullen Volunteer (succumbed to injuries)
5. Mr. Obow Adani Punanamei Volunteer (succumbed to injuries)
6. Mr. Kaisii Mathibo Punanamei Volunteer (expired 12th Aug 2013)
7. Mr. Obow Ashiho Punanamei Student (still alive)

Many other males and female volunteers and students received injuries from bullets, rifle butts, and boots of the Assam Rifles and Manipur Police on that day.

The indiscriminate firings and use of violent force dispersed the demonstrators and the two leaders viz. Mr. A. Daiho of Song Song village and Mr. N. Modoli of Tunggam village along with Mr. Kaikho Dili of Tadubi and Mr. Athikho Sibo of Song Song were finally arrested.

All the dead bodies, injured persons, and arrested leaders have herded away to Imphal in the Assam Rifles convoy. The Naga brethren from the neighboring Naga Hills district, who had come to show their solidarity with the Nagas of Manipur, followed the convoy till Kangpokpi.

After being kept at Imphal Central Jail, Mr. A. Daiho and Mr. N. Modoli were shifted to Dum Dum Central Jail as political prisoners.

14) Though the campaign was forcibly suppressed the seeds of political aspiration sown during that critical time never died. Having realized the futility of the non-violent movement to secure their inalienable right to live together with the rest of the Naga people, the Nagas of Manipur took to arms and became a part of the mainstream armed movement spearheaded by the NNC.

The armed conflict that followed saw the signing of the first Indo-Naga Cease-fire which came into effect from Sept. 6th, 1964, and lasted till 1967. It was operational in the entire Naga inhabited areas of the northeast region. The 1st Cease-Fire period saw 6 rounds of talks between the Nagas and the Government of India (GoI) which could not proceed with concrete progress due to lack of political vision and will of the latter.

Thus an armed conflict between India and the Nagas continued over the decades and has finally culminated in the second Indo-Naga Peace Process marked by the second Indo-Naga Cease-fire that came into effect on 1 August 1997, which today offers to bring about a lasting and honorable solution to the Naga issue based on the recognition of the unique history and situation of the Nagas.

15) The inherent and organized expression of the desire of the Naga people to live together also continued as a civil movement of which the United Naga Integration Council movement of the 1970s has been well documented. On 4th Aug.1972, in the joint agreement signed between All India Congress Committee and Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee on one side and United Naga Integration Council on the other side, the Congress Party stated that it does not oppose Naga integration movement nor considers the Naga integration movement as an anti-party, anti-national, anti-state or unconstitutional activity. The demand of the Naga people for the integration of the contiguous Naga areas into one administrative unit also finds clear mention in the 16 Point Agreement of 1960.

16) Over the years public declarations have been made and memorandum demanding Naga integration has been persistently submitted and pursued by the Naga people.

On 11th & 12th March 1999, the Naga Hoho, the apex tribe based organization of all Nagas, during its 6th Session at Dimapur passed the resolution on Naga Integration as follows – “The Naga Hoho put it on record that it stands committed for the integration of all Naga territories and its people under One Political roof, and also it considers the present Nagaland state as a temporary measure Pending Final political settlement of the Naga peoples aspiration which shall be a bounden duty of the Naga Hoho to strive for.”

On 8th and 9th August 2001 the first Naga Peoples’ Convention (NPC), the apex decision-making platform of the Nagas of Manipur was held at Tahamzam (Senapati) and declared “…that our identity and history have to be defended and preserved at all cost, and the firm political stand of the Nagas of Manipur is to uphold the resolution of the Naga people for the integration of all Naga areas under one administration”.

The 2nd NPC was convened on the 4th of November 2005 at Tahamzam which reiterated the 8-9 August, 2001 Declaration, and to further the realization of the declaration, the NPC also declared the Launching of Non-cooperation and Civil disobedience movements against the Government of Manipur.

In the subsequent “Declaration and Memorandum” submitted to the Prime Minister of India on December 15, 2005, at New Delhi, the Chiefs/Chairmen/Headmen of Naga villages in the present state of Manipur stated in no uncertain terms “…that any honorable solution to the Naga peace process must begin with the unification of the Naga areas.”

The 3rd NPC of the Nagas in Manipur was convened on 1st July 2010 at Tahamzam in the wake of the imposition of ADC Act, 2008 (3rd amendment), and election thereof, the ban on entry of Th. Muivah, the Naga negotiator to his native place and indiscriminate firings yet again by Manipur state forces at Mao Gate of 6th May 2010 in which 2 students, Mr. Dikho Loshou and Mr. Neli Chakho were shot dead and hundreds injured.

The 3rd NPC established the position of the Nagas on the basis of the unmistakable facts that it is impossible to protect their right to life, land, time-honored institutions, customary practice, and values under the administration of the dominant and communal Government of Manipur (GoM), and that their history with it, has clearly confirmed the harsh reality that the GoM has never recognized and respected the identity and dignity of the Naga people. It was declared the Nagas will sever all political ties with the communal Government of Manipur and because of the severance of ties; the vacuum in governance and administration created thereby must be filled with an alternative arrangement by the Government of India in consultation with the Naga people at the earliest possible time.

Consequent to this declaration and submission of the demand to the GoI, the latter initiated the democratic process of dialogue at the tripartite level of the GoM, GoI and the Nagas of Manipur under the aegis of the UNC on the demand for an alternative arrangement outside the communal GoM pending settlement of the Indo-Naga issue and it has logically progressed to a stage where a high powered committee would be set up by the GoI to translate the demand into a political reality.

Thus, in the political movement of the Naga people, particularly in Manipur, the issue that was brought to a crisis on the awesome day of 27th August 1948 has great significance. It consolidated the political consciousness of the Nagas in Manipur and provided a firm foundation for the peoples’ movement for the protection of their history, their land, their identity, their traditional institutions and culture, and most importantly for their collective and undivided future as a people.

While we observe this day in respectful memory and honor of those who suffered and made the ultimate sacrifice for the integration of all Nagas sixty six years ago during the No-Tax campaign, the Mao Students’ Union had perpetuated this day in memory by observing it as “The Martyrs’ Day”. Being a landmark in the history of the political movement of the Nagas in Manipur in particular and all Nagas in general, the observation of “Martyrs’ Day” was taken up by the UNC with the Mao Council as the Local Organizing Committee since 27th August 2005.

May this day of our collective remembrance of those who gave their lives, blood, and tears on 27th August 1948 strengthen the resolve, the sense of direction and unity of purpose of the Nagas to live together as a people with dignity and honor.

Publicity Wing
United Naga Council

**

In the first week of December 1946, thirty-three delegates from Ukhrul district attended the Mao Conference.

A. Daiho and R. Suisa spoke on Self-rule.

In 1947 March, R. Suisa and four other leaders organized meeting at Somrah.

On 29th August 1947, leaders from the Hills organized meeting at Tamenglong Headquarter.

On September 24, 1946, Tangkhul leaders had met at Hunphun Leingapha and formed a subcommittee for New Political Movement to bring the Nagas under an administration. Twenty leaders were appointed and there was a subscription of 8 annas (50 paise) from every household from 133 Tangkhul villages, 12 Somrah villages, and also Kuki villages in the district.

Manipur Naga Council was organized in the 50s. Lok Sabha member from 1957-62, R. Suisa mentioned Manipur Naga Council in his speech at the Parliament saying, " We have got our own MNC. How do you expect the Nagas to be happy when these Nagas are in Burma, some are in this new unit Naga area and some in NEFA, and some North Cachar Hills and some in Manipur? Can you expect the Nagas to be happy whereas all other different elements of the Indian Union have been grouped together according to their own communities so far as geographical position permits? So we have to see all these problems..why should they fight and why should they protest?" ( At that time, there was no Nagaland state. It was a district of Assam, under the Ministry of External Affairs. Manipur was a Union Territory).

Just before the Nagaland statehood was announced, five leaders of MNC and MP, R.Suisa were arrested and imprisoned for nearly a year in 1962 at Dum Dum Central Jail, Calcutta. They were: 1. Angnal Anal, President 2. T. Luikham 3. Z. Ramyo, Gen. Secy. 4. L. David 5. Z.V. Mingkathing, Vice Secy.

In 1964, MNC was merged with Naga National Council. R. Suisa became Assistant to Vice President, NNC.

NAGA SOVEREIGNTY RIGHT CAN NEVER BE COMPROMISED

NAGA SOVEREIGNTY RIGHT CAN NEVER BE COMPROMISED

15/Nov/2019

Nagas Sovereignty rights can never be compromised, it is inalienable, non-negotiable and not to be played upon.
Many Nagas are confused because they do not know the truth about Naga National history or because they have not contributed enough to be called owners or maybe the are deceived, betrayed badly by the Stooges, traitors and adversaries never to realize the Nagas inherent rightfully as independent People and Nation.
There are Four categories of Naga people found these days...
1. Stooges and traitors with adversaries in the chorus for another blunder...
2. Moderate Nagas who insisting on better status or upgraded Nagas to keep Nagas rights alive for future generations to pursue on.
3. The pseudo leaders, pseudo-Nationalist, pseudo Patriotic, the opportunists, and the ignorant masses who simply seek selfish desires taking advantage by shifting sides every time to swing and flows with the opportunity and majority moves.
4. The True Naga Patriotic who always maintain that Nagas are not Indians nor Indians the Nagas, further they have clarified that the uniqueness of Naga people and her National history as Sovereign independent People and Nation is inalienable as being recognized through the basics principles and events such as
1. Nagas submitted a memorandum to Simon Commission on 10th January 1929.
2. Nagas declared her independence on 14 August 1947 a day ahead of the Indian independence day with prior consultation with Indians Sole leaders non-other than the Father of the Indian Nation...
4. Nagas successfully conducted her National referendum called the historic Naga plebiscite on 16 May 1951 with a thumping victory over 99.9% in favor of Naga Independence which was immediately intimated to UNO for record and recognition...
5. Nagas rejected and boycotted the first supper imposed Indian election in Naga country in 1956.
6. Nagas have already condemned the sale our MOU of 16 points agreement and Shillong accord once and for all.
6. Nagas continuously defended her people and Nation with everything possible from the inception of our Nation to date from occupational forces and hegemonies.
7. The Nagas through NSCN- IM, inked ceasefire agreement with India in 1997 to be the genius World record 22 years of political talks without tangible outcome due to Indians double standard and diabolic policies.
8. The ceasefire agreement between the two countries came with the following conditions:

1. The talks shall be held at the highest Prime Ministerial level.
2. The talks shall be held from outside countries as witnesses...
3. The talk shall be held without any conditions and outside the Indian Constitution.

The Indian leaders right from the beginning promised to the Nagas to respect each other’s People and Nation but failed to keep their promises by invading and forceful occupation of Naga country after their Independence creating havoc's, Human rights violations with heinous and aggressive genocidal and chauvinist policies with their shameless acts with their own violations after her Independence.
They specifically declared that the uniqueness of Naga history is recognized as Sovereign independent People and Nation but retract back by eating their own vomitus.

Today after more than 7 decades of bloodshed and 23 years of political talks with every rightful status of Nagas as Sovereign independent People and Nation...they are trying their best to sabotage the hard earned trust, Negotiated Framework Agreement (FA) and recognition of Naga people’s rights as Sovereign independent People and Nation. But sooner or later the two Nations India and Naga-land/Nagalim shall exist as two friendly neighborhood Nations once the congenial atmosphere and upright intellectual generations and leadership come into existence to sit for the final solution who will respect the Father of the nation and Patriotic National leaders.
It is my sincere hope and prays that God will liberate our people and Nation once God-fearing leaders with upright and visionary intellectuals generations come to the power, who shall sit together to hammer out the Indo Naga political problem as per the uniqueness of our own people and National history sooner than the latter.
Till then let be sure and confident that God and truth alone shall reign at the end.
KUKNALIM.

Let us Rise again Nagas

Let's Rise again Nagas. !

19/Nov/2019

Naga National unity sovereignty, development and advancement is the duty of every Nagas Irrespective of age, sex, professionals, status, tribes, regions, factions, parties, undergrounds, over grounds, etc. 

It is the core responsible especially for every Intellectuals and right-thinking citizens of Nagas who Should give their best of the best of knowledge, wisdom, insights, labors and every effort to make our people and Nation very strong, prosperous, civilized and advanced people and the Nation. 

The freedom fighters are busy defending our people and Nation from the terrors aggressors and adversaries for decades in spite of some shortcomings which I feel is very much a great sacrifice made with commitment, dedication and determinations, which are truly commendable and befitting on their parts as many of our National leaders are exceptionally born to be True Patriotic, dedicated, committed Patriotic, and nonsensical pragmatic leaders. 

The rest of the majority over ground leaders are mostly in comfort zones fully corrupted and their families and children are enjoying in the palaces who are now against the Naga National cause and Patriotic whereas the majority young generations are so confused, irresponsible, complacent, demoralized, materialistic with easy living, no hard-working, no more patriotism, no Nationalism and no interest in Naga struggle for sovereignty in their minds and blood. 

This is the lacunae and sick of our society today where there is the famine of honesty, integrity, hard laborers, love and unity and pragmatic leadership. Unless we learn our own original origin, backgrounds, and uniqueness of our own history and revive to love and value ourselves as independent People and Nation we will soon become a lost people and Nation sure to lost our Identity in the near future which will soon put our posterity as slaves and beggars of the adversaries very soon. 

Wake up dear Nagas  

Let us rise up and pray for the betterment and salvation of our people and the Nation. 

KUKNALIM

Meeitei & Tangkhul Were never related

Meeitei & Tangkhul Were never related! 

20/08/2015

The Villages relationship that Indecision,  never Represent Wungram (Tangkhul)

When we translate the words, Meitei, Meetei into our language it gave some sense. According to some villages, Hungpung, champhung (Aphung) villages’ folklore there was a complete relation between these communal. While among this...some villagers deny the whole story but support least.
Hungpungwo legend goes to say that Meitei means... Mei = fire, Tei (thei,) = Seen which hungpungwo seen a fire while he claims to be his own younger brother from the Hungpung Hill. (And also the story as Hungpung thawaichao follows) Whereas champhungwo (Champhang) even plaintiff to say that his daughter Yaozala was only responsible for the relation between the Hill and valley. (Yaozala married to maharaja.)* The present Sawombung in Kangleipak and its areas in Imphal valley said that belongs to Champhungwo (Champhang)

Further, it is mentioned, stated that Tangkhul became the Maharaja twice.
Some historian stated that the Meiteis, occupying barely 700 square miles of Manipur valley/Kangleipak are the descendants of either Makhelians or the Tangkhul Nagas.
It is also believed that the Meitei tribes (Not all the Meitei) and the Naga tribes had the same forefathers. (Hearsay)
The Meitei languages have some affinities with that of Naga tribes. It is also stated that Meitei house was built the same Naga traditional house.

However, there are 240 plus Tangkhul villages and many as 16 plus Clans Tangkhul stated that Meitei was not and never related to Tangkhul in any matter. They were Alien to the Hills people since BC. They regarded Meetei as Mee= Human/people, Tei = different (different people/foreigners) certainly Hungpungwo and Champhungwo usually attend whenever the Maharaja calls for.
The stated, seven clans in Manipuri history couldn’t be relevance when we deliberated it never related to Tangkhul.

By taking the advantage of once intimated with two Tangkhul Headmen (chiefs) and as a precursor of/ to this villages it is a predicament that Meetei used the word "TANGKHUL" instead of mentioning the name of the villages. (*Every Village is Independence).
The Oldest village in Tangkhul, Phungcham Village, Phungchamwo even stated Meetei/Meitei is never related to Tangkhul.
We also cannot possible or simply countenance history as the festival of Lai Harouba or others! Meetei politician, Intellectual played well, tried their best. And Endeavour to bring communal harmony but just to protect Manipur Integrity and against the Naga land Integrity.

Some visional, chiefs, scholar including Prophet R.Suisa predicted that "Meetei and Nagas particularly the Tangkhul Naga would come and face in the battlefield." this statement however were also supported by Hungpung, champhung Village Headmen /chiefs that time will come to kill our brother and it would be inevitable for both of us. (Meetei and Tangkhul) even in the meetei secret books,/Puya, history such statements were written(*As stated by many Elders). Most of the meetei intellectual, educated and elders understand, known clearly.

It is high time to recollect our harsh moment and proceed for our better nation. The best solution is to depart peacefully for a better nation to live as a good neighbor.

*Some folklore said Thangal, Meitei (not all the Meitei) and hungpung village is the same but not all the Tangkhul.

TRADITIONAL HOUSES

WUNG / HAO TRADITIONAL HOUSES

All the Tangkhul Naga houses were constructed in minus shape with the main 5 pillars in the front side and 5 main pillars in the backside and besides a number of small pillars are put to support the long poles on both sides. The 5 pillars are erected in raw. The tallest pillar in the middle known as AKHOKA, next to is HARPOMA, last is ANGA.

On both sides the shortest pillar Anga is about 10 feet, Harpoma is about 14 ft, Akhoka is about 18 ft. in respect of the ordinary house.

The house of the chief or pipa or any rich, propertied persons the size, height is different.

Eg. - one of the oldest village, phungcham chief house was 40 ft long, 25 ft wide, 25 ft high before, during the 40s

South Asian History Did Not Begin with the Indian Independence Act of 1947

South Asian History Did Not Begin with the Indian Independence Act of 1947

South Asian history is an ancient history with its roots going as far back as 5000 BC. However by a tragic twist of political and historical events, this ancient history had been tempered with and even almost rewritten in the middle of the 20th century by the Colonial powers of Europe. In this turn of events, South Asian history was re-written to begin again from 1947. In the process, South Asian history in general and the Indo-Naga history in particular was made to begin afresh with the Indian Independence Act of 1947. This was done by the departing British imperial power through the Government of India Act 1935 and the Indian Independence Act of 1947. Through these Acts, three modern nation states that had never existed in South Asian history were created by the British in collaboration with the Indian National Congress, the All India Muslim League and the Anti- Fascist People’s Freedom League of Burma. The creation of these modern nation states was to the detriment of many smaller nations in South Asia and had horrifying consequences on them.

Prior to the coming to South Asia of the Portuguese, Dutch, Danish, French and ultimately the British from the 16th to the 20th centuries, there never existed any kingdoms called India, Burma or Pakistan in the south Asian Sub-Continent’s history. These modern nation states created by the British were formerly simply known as The Ava kingdom, Hindustan or The Mughal Empire and Bengal province. However with the departure of the British in 1947, these three huge modern nation states were created in South Asia. And into the bellies of these newly created giant nations were incorporated, smaller South Asian nations who formerly had their own independent national histories and independent geographical territories before the transfer of power. But after the transfer of power, these smaller nations were declared as Burmese, Indians and Pakistanis. Some of these smaller nations voluntarily joined the new unions but others were against their expressed wills, forcefully integrated with the new Unions. Thus in Burma, the Kachins, Karens, Shans, Mons, Was etc became Burmese citizens while in India, Independent royal kingdoms like the Manipuries the Ahoms, the Tripuries, the Kashmiries, Hyderabad and Junagadh became Indian citizens. In the Bengal province, the independent Chakmas of the Chitagong Hill Tracts became East Pakistanis.

As for the Nagas, they have absolutely no objections to the creation of these modern nation states if the parties concerned felt that they would have a better future by establishing these new political structures. However the objection is on the issue of forced inclusion of other independent nations who had been under the British Empire but wanted to revert back to their former independent status after the departure of the British from their South Asian Empire.

The consequences of the creation of these three modern nation states with regards to the Nagas are as follows:

The Nagas, as early as 1929, had clearly written to the British Simon Commission that before the advent of the British administration over 30% of their territories, they had been at intermittent warfare with the Manipuries to their North West and the Ahoms to their west. The memorandum went on to state that the two kingdoms had never been able to subjugate them despite of more then 700 years of conflict. The memorandum ended by pleading that, should the British decide to leave their South Asian Empire, the Nagas should be left alone “to decide their own future as in ancient times.” As a result of these statements, the British government left the Naga Hills under “excluded Areas” in the Government of India Act 1935. the Nagas also followed up their demand to be left out of the Indian Dominion by submitting six lengthy memorandums to the departing British Government before the transfer of power took place in 1947.These written documents were simultaneously followed by the submission of ten Memorandums to the incoming Indian Government before India became an Independent domain on August 15, 1947. To make things unmistakably clear, Nagas also declared their independence on 14th August and informed the UN as well as some foreign governments.

However, despite of all these political and historical events, after 15th August 1947, Nagas were told by India that from thenceforth, Nagaland had become Indian Territory and Nagas, Indian citizens.

As for the Chakmas, on 14th August 1947 they were rudely told to forget their King and their former kingdom and become East Pakistani citizens. This despite the fact that their kingdom had independently fought against the British Imperial power. Then after many years of suffering under the East Pakistani government where their lands were swamped by Bangladeshis and they were forced to become refugees in neighboring states, they were again told in 1971, after the Indo Pakistan war that thence forth they had become Bangladeshis!

Now who in the world had performed such a political magic in 1947 in which independent nations like the Nagas and others who had never been a part of India Burma or Pakistan were made to disappear into the bellies (Territories) of these giant modern nation states? Can the footprints of these smaller nations, imprinted in the soils of their own ancestral lands for thousands of years simply disappear into thin air by a simple wave of a British Magic wand called the Indian Independence Act of 1947?. In the process of rewriting this new South Asian history, and in order to let the new sovereign independent India and Pakistan have a new geographical map, Cyril John Radcliffe -a lawyer from England and a man who had never visited India, was summoned to come and draw the maps of India and Pakistan within a few weeks. What he drew in part, (particularly the Punjab and Bengal), without any special knowledge of South Asian historical and geographical facts now became the brand new maps of India and Pakistan.

Now, can such a political gimmick be accepted as historical and political facts? Today, India, Burma and Bangladesh have become the proud owners and custodians of this Britain made new brand of South Asian history. At the initial stages, armed with the huge cashes of modern weaponry that the British had bequeathed to these three newborn nations, they were able to brutally suppress any of the smaller nations who dared to challenge this historical injustice done to them. As for the Nagas, by the turn of 1954, British made Light armored tanks and heavy artillery along with 53000 Indian troops had moved into Nagaland to impose the political implications of this new South Asian history. In fact, because of this new re-writing of South Asian History, the whole of North East India and Burma has become a fierce battle field for the past six decades.

In this context, prior to 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, the Indian historian and the author of Glimpses of World History had stated that “By the tribal areas, we mean those long stretches of land between Burma and India which belongs neither to India or Burma or any other foreign powers”. However after India’s independence and realizing the advantage of an enlarged territory, he had made a full turn about and was now insisting that all the territories handed to India by the departing British government were now Indian Territory. This England trained Barrister was now a follower of the new South Asian British version of history despite all the facts to the contrary. This was nothing short of infidelity and treachery to the facts of South Asian history as Nehru knew it. Can a fellow Asian stoop as low as this in betraying his own South Asian kith and kin for the benefit of his own country’s political and economic gains? Nehru’s descendents and India’s politicians must give a reply to the Nagas and others who have died in their thousands defying this historical and political lie. But whatever the suffering and the pain may be, Nagas will never surrender their national and geographical identities to this false South Asian history. This stand is made on the historical fact that South Asian history did not begin with The Indian Independence Act of 1947. The inter-related corollary question is: Can some Caucasian and European colonizers be allowed to re-write and re-draw Mongolian Asian history and geography and be allowed to get away with it?

As for a solution to the 62 year Indo- Naga-Burman political conflict, the solution will come only when Indian and Burmese historians and politicians acknowledge the historical fact that besides India and Burma, there were also other nations who have evolved with them in the flow of South Asian history. India and Burma must admit that they are not the sole guardians or owners of South Asian history. However, if the two governments will not admit these facts, sooner or later their claims will be challenged in an international court of law. In this challenge Britain too will be seriously implicated.

-       Kaka D. Iralu

 

WHY THE “I-HAO"

                                                                   

                                                                                    WHY “I-HAO"?
                                                                              (The “ME-TRIBESMAN”)

It has become a popular common question, as to who coins the “I-HAO” both from within and outside Tangkhul Communities. Since pre-historic periods, the Tangkhuls are associated with certain elements of subjective and objective ancestry aspect of entity: Historically, politically, economically, customarily, culturally, socially, and spiritually.
The Tangkhuls represents one of the major Communities among the Naga Tribes, commanding a consolidated authentical truth with deeply rooted well established linguistic factors, indicated as follows:-

1. Hao Kuiret (Mohawk/ Mohican haircut).
2. Hao Malao.
3. Hao pheichak
4. Hao laa ( Folksong).
5. Haorah (Shawl).
6. Haora (Trickery).
7. Hao Khamui.
8. Hao Cha (Alcoholic drink).
9. Hao Cha (Ornamental chain).
10. Hao Khongphei.
11. Hao Meikhari.
12. Hao Sei.
13. Hao Hok.
14. Hao Har.
15. Hao Machi.
16. Hao Kasathei.
17. Hao Ham.
18. Hao Ham-han.
19. Hao Fa.
20. Hao Khai. 21. Hao Khararchan (Mythological tales).
22. Hao Chancham (Folk riddle).
23. Haongatuk (Bare handed wrestling).
24. Hao Tin.
25. Hao Ngaha.
26. Hao Changshan (Calendar).
27. Hao Kashan.
28. Hao Shanvai-chonvai (Costume).
29. Hao Tang (Non-Christian Locality).
30. Hao Ngaphit (Blunt Attack).
31. Hao Cham (Unreserved attitude).
32. Hao (Mayong) Pasi.
33. Hao Kazao.
34. Hao Mingpho (Nomenclature).
35. Hao Khanong (Shaman).
36. Hao Changvei (Shield of hide).
37. Hao Shim.
38. Hao Tingtuila.
39. Hao Sam (Indigenous rice).
40. Hao Samkok (Enormous lengthy solid tree trunk giant bed ).

Since time in immemorial, these tangible or intangible objects hold dear to identify, a particular people embodying to the Tangkhul Naga tribe, on which then, interpreted them to be known as the “I-HAO”.

#The “I-HAO” Tangkhul Raising Shang General Assembly (TRS-GA)Ukhrul

GENEALOGY

                                                                              GENEALOGY
                                                                              MIUN – MIRAT

The descendants under the lineage CLAN of common ancestors in particular by the name of RAISING SHANG or the “ I - HAO Tangkhul Raising Kinsfolk” in the promise of God initiates to take note of our History into a written document handed down to us by word of mouth since time immemorial.
The world-renowned historians aptly stated, “Human history is the one subject where no one can begin with the beginning”.
However, man through centuries, have tried to find an answer to a number of questions covering generations after generation, that arises in his mind about his personal identity,
i.e. “ WHO AM I? “ This is a universal basic question and this basic question demands an answer.
The components of an answer to this particular question that cannot be easily ignored are:

a) His relationship with the universe inconsistent with the reality of existing life, under a supreme Creator.

b) His struggle for a healthy survival was fully aware of death as the first enemy of mankind.

c) His attitude towards life and death, the mystery of life before birth, and after death.

d) His equation with nationality, race, stock, kinsfolk, kinsman, shadowing under ancestral background, community, family - siblings, relatives, friends, neighbors, and human society at large.

The deeply akin descendants of RAISING SHANG at the present age with an intense desire and ardent longing in our resolute commitment after successive discourse presented by the advanced age kinsfolk added by narrative legendary tales of Tangkhul Naga tribe have suitably yielded to bring forward a recorded written history of the RAISING descendants.
Every inhabitant originally settled earlier than pre-historic events residing within the localities of customarily established Tribal villages in Ukhrul District Manipur known as Naga Hills in recent past that bears the title of his Clan by the name of Rephung, Raihing, Raiping, Raising, Shongzan …etc each of which is one by blood are sons and daughters of a single parentage.
There are a great number of our kinsfolk brothers and sisters scattered elsewhere around the North-Eastern region of India covering parts of Manipur, Nagaland, and Somrah Track (Myanmar), etc. running the same heredity genetic blood belonging to Raising Clan based on Justified counts of mythological and historical facts.
Scaling to begin from the time centuries-old the humble submission to the existence of invisible Omnipotent divine Creator since primitive stages of our forefathers entitled them to obedience and worship. The nature of their devotion to Supreme Being continues as far as down to this generation embodying the faith of their offspring of these days to embrace Christianity.
Wherefore, unto the all ages to come, blessed by God with knowledge of the distinction between right and wrong, goodness and evil, the creation of the heaven and earth and the creation of man and woman accounted in Genesis from Scripture is the basic fundamental source of human history.
Eventually, one generation goes and other generations come, among them of which our ancestors known by the name of Raising descendants are very much part of divine creation scattered on the face of this Planet. The people of Raising descendants belong to Mongoloid stock possessing a common outlook, tradition, custom, culture, and structure relating to Asian people.
Generally, even in the primitive stages of the pre-historic period, our forefathers were master of a full-grown mind and had the intellectual capacity to translocate their settlement toward greener pasture of the North-eastern region of India.
More importantly, the most interesting opinion about them is that they were capable of relating to their environment and condition of life from time to time and from place to place covering centuries multiplied by centuries, ages after ages the world around. This historical background had precisely enlightened upon every one of us, worthy enough to root out our identity in an open searching to “ WHO AM I"?

(c) Marshall Shongjan2015-preface to Raising Shang History

THUINGALENG MUIVAH

                                                THUINGALENG MUIVAH
                                                POLITICAL BACKGROUND:

(A BRIEF DESCRIPTION)

Thuingaleng Muivah did his High School study at Ukhrul High School, Ukhrul at the time when P. Khos, M.A was the Headmaster. There were other 3 (three) more teachers to whom he still remembers. They are B.C Roy, Science teacher, B. Das, Mathematics teacher, and Bullin, Geography teacher. They were all good teachers. And from the time of his high school life, he was interested in politics.

For his higher studies, he went to Shillong in 1960 and studied at St. Anthony’s College till his graduation. He was also the president of Naga Students’ Federation, Shillong. The situation in Nagaland was very crucial and in bad shape due to the battle of the Naga Freedom Movement. And as a result, the disturbed area bill was introduced in 1958. Most of the students of the Nagaland state was unable to study in this trouble-torn state steadily scattered outside the state like Shillong, and other places.

Th. Muivah was lucky to be the President of Naga Students’ Federation (NSF) for the Naga people particularly the student communities. In the capacity as President, he worked hard tirelessly for the cause of Naga Nation and pressurized the Indian authorities on the issue. At this juncture Revd. Michael Scot and Jaya Prakash Narayan along with their team visited Shillong and held a meeting with the Naga Students. They accompanied the visiting team up to Guwahati. And on their way to Guwahati Th. Muivah explained everything in detail about the Naga Issues. Knowing his ability potential and political wisdom in the Naga Issue, there was frequent contact between them there-after.

In the year 1962, Mr. Th. Muivah was doing MA Final at the Guwahati University. And during his post-graduate studies he often used to share the prevailing Naga issue to the North East fellow colleague of the university. But the Manipur Meetei and Mizoram students like Laltenga, the Chief Minister of Mizoram opined that dealing with such a big issue by the students cannot bear fruit rather it would only spoil their career as students. In response to their opinion, Th. Muivah told them that they would certainly follow suit one day or the other on the Naga issue steps taken today. As he has said, the people of the North East faced the same situation. No doubt he has had a vast political vision in those days. However, Laltenga once said during his address to the peoples of Mizoram that Nagaland could be saved for his (Muivah) Vision. The Meitei Maharaja praised and is much willing to meet Muivah.
Further,

Continue…

(Picture - Sangdeikhui, theiva village.)

Th. Muivah returned home from China at the time when there was a break down of the ceasefire. The National Workers of  Wung Tangkhul Region were all scattered here and there. At this juncture, Th. Muivah took shelter at KHARUR Ngahong /Forest of Hoomi village and SANGDEIKHUI of Theiva Village along with a few numbers of  National workers. While they were at this place, the grace of God came upon one Ino Luikap of Ngaimu village and the Holy Spirit asked him to pray God for the whole Naga Nation. According to his will, he prayed 20 (twenty) days without food. And during his fasting prayer, an angel from heaven revealed him that-
*. The Nagaland will be divided into 2 (two) parts first of all.
*. Then it will become 4 (four) parts and of it, 3 (three) will be amalgamated to one another and become one body/part.
*. A shining light will reach up every 4 (four) corners from the only left out a piece of the part. That is none other than Th. Muivah. Fire will burn him 3 (three) times and he will rise from the burning fire again and again.
*. They shall be called the ‘Galilee Church (redeemed church)’ and shall be the seed of the Naga Nation’.
*. To let people know that Th. Muivah is the leader his immediate supporting leaders would all fell in the battle of North. He would only be redeemed.
*. Soon after that blood would drink blood, the flesh would eat flesh. And thereafter confusion and distrust would envelop the whole Naga Nation, at that moment everyone would seek the guidance of Nation prophet to deliver us from the danger as revealed in the vision.
*. RS. Suisa the prophet had told Th. Muivah long time back that ‘I have drunk a pail of water and vomited out all the water. The water was given to Thuingaleng Muivah to drink and he drunk and vomited out all the blood’. (prophet Suisa himself interpreted that ‘Many could not comprehend my words. I would not be able to see the Freedom. But, much blood would be shed during the time of Thuingaleng Muivah but He would stand the truth.

(*As told by Machihan Teinem Village.)