KUKI IS A REFUGEE, NOT A INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF MANIPUR

 

KUKI IS A REFUGEE, NOT A INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF MANIPUR

 

“Kuki War of Independence 1917-1919” by Kukis
                                        V/S
“Massacre of people of Manipur by Kuki Marauders.1917-1919”

A critical analysis based on History, Geography and Political situation.

1. It has been unanimously resolved that there is no need of giving rejoinders to each and every endless fabricated stories and forgery of historical documents, literature, religious and traditional records with intention to cheat by the Kuki conspirators, particularly by the Thadou Kukis. Perforce Haomee and Yek-Salai of Meitei and Nagas have to adopt various measures and counter measures against such dirty and dangerous conspiracy to save the identity of the indigenous people and motherland. The case against the forgery will have to be taken up immediately as priority. We have lost everything; the only one left is action. It is time for “action”.
2. Massacre of hill and valley people by Kuki marauders.
There was no Kuki War of Independence 1917-1919. There had been number of heinous crimes of massacre of the indigenous people and more of Thangkhul, Kabui etc. including valley people of Manipur since the arrival of Kukis in Manipur. There was no “Kuki War of Independence 1917-1919” it is shockingly condemnatory that the heinous crime of assassination and massacre of men, woman, children, traders and cultivators by Kukis have been glorified and manipulated as “Kuki War of Independence” to boil the blood of Haomee (Naga + Meitei). Telling and writing blatant lies boldly and without any remorse by the Kukis is just a contrary to bravery and generosity of a civilized human race, but it is clear evidence of savagery nature and betrayal.
3. Proposed title of the rebellion.
Any title of the story or narrative should be appropriate, befitting and compatible to the reality of the story. The following were suggested titles:-
a. Massacre of people of Manipur by nomadic immigrants 1917-19.
b. Result of the nomadic Kuki immigrants 1917-19.
c. Opportunist immigrant Kuki rebellion 1917-19.
d. Rebellion of opportunist Kuki immigrants 1917-19.
e. No proper punitive action against Kukis 1917-19.
4. Meaning of war.
(a) It is imperative that one should understand the simple dictionary meaning of war, mutiny, rebellion, uprising etc. it appears that Kukis will not like to understand the meaning of war as it is against their interest and long term plan of having a home state of their own, also ignorantly and brazenly advertised the Kukis resistance to labour recruitment -as “Kuki War of independence”. It was just exaggerated by the Kukis (a storm in the tea-pot) as cyclone or typhoon. Formal declaration of war is done by a sovereign state/country against another sovereign country and its allies. Have the nomadic Kukis walking up in the remote corner of the border and in the un-administered areas of the border making sandwiched transit abode declare war and against whom?
(b) Can the Gypsy (Romas) nomadic race declare war against any European countries? Can the Bakrawals (Gujars and Ahirs) nomadic tribes between India and Pakistan declare war against India or Pakistan? The following paragraphs will give the correct picture how the Hills and Valley indigenous people have been suffering after the arrival of the immigrant nomadic Kukis in Manipur. Another danger is the unseen influx of Rohingya intruders.
(c) Rohingya : Their father country is Bangladesh and mother country is Myanmar, mostly Kuki mothers living in the Sandwitch free land as they call it. They are disowned by father country and thrown out by mother country, Myanmar. They are very close with the Kukis in Manipur and NE India and many of them are hand and glove in some open or secret Business. Out of 35 lakhs to 40 lakhs of Rohingya about 5 to 6 lakhs Rohingya have already been prospective encroachers on the independent life of the people of NE India.
5. Sovereign status and Immigrant/Refugees.
It is undisputed political system of the world that a sovereign State/country should have well known recognized territory, population, government and its own independent authority, Any people from other countries coming in that sovereign country are foreigners/ immigrants or refugees. Apart from the Adivashis, India had been sovereign country of the Asian race. Since thousands and hundreds of years so many Aryan race, Caucasian race, Greeks, Italians, Iranians and Englishmen came and lived for hundreds of years in India. Even they cannot claim themselves as citizen of India, forget about claiming as indigenous people. Likewise if the Kukis have been living in Manipur for few decades of years as Mongoloid group of people, so what? Haomee cannot call the Mongoloid group of people, Japanese, Chinese, Myanmaris, Koreans, and Indonesians etc to be citizen and indigenous people of Manipur.

6. Glorification of Massacre as War of Independence.
(a) Creating savagery Communal wave constantly by the Kukis and the massacre of men, women and Children in the barbaric and Satanic manner, beheaded, butchered, speared to death and some girls taken as slaves and presented to their masters are glorified today as Kuki war of Independence. It is intolerable insult to the irritated descendents of the massacred men and women by the Kukis, who are constantly and crazily looking forward the opportune time to grab the motherland of Meitei, Tangkhul, Kabui, Thangal and all Nagas, the indigenous people of Manipur of yek, Salaichas now united as Haomee to save themselves.

(b) My own assessment of British and India.
The British connection with Manipur started in the year 1762 AD during the Maharaj Joy Singh. What Laijanung Gangte is mentioning about the Treaty of Alliance 1764 is not known. There were a number of Burmese invasion in 1764.It appears as another concocted story if he or she may kindly produce it for our awareness he will be awarded. Manipur was under British rule, for 56 years (1891 to 1947).The political agent’s administrators and the army officers, study of the country people, politic and economy are appreciable. They knew the Geography, history and origin of the people. They study, wrote and kept the records, which no Indian administrators Politicians can do. Let us orientate ourselves what the British wrote and try to improve on it.

7. Orientation and briefing about the Kukis
(a) According to R.K. Jhalajit Singh, Padmashree, Historian the reign of Maharajh Nara Singh (1844-1850) was also known as the “Era of the coming of the Kukis in Manipur”. It is true that some similar tribes of Kukis like Khongjai also migrated and settled in the bordering areas and unadministered tracks and areas of remote hill areas of Manipur even before the Kukis and new Kukis, particularly the Thadou Kukis migrated in the year 1850. According to their own Kuki stories, why they were called Khongsai; was that they were first peoples of Khongsai Vallage in Burma where they came and met Meiteis and Tangkhuls when they migrated in Manipur. Because, there are various tribes of Kukis in the contention of Shakespeare (1912) Kukis are divided into old kuki and new kuki based on their arrival.  lt is also stated by T.S. Gangte Page 55 of his book”..............

The Kukis of Manipur, By T.S Gangte / Table-3.2
/Kuki Division on the basis of Arrival /Old Kuki New Kuki
Aimol, Anal, Chiru, Chothe, Koireng, Kom, Langang, Purum,Gangte, Paite, Simte, Vaiphei, Zou, Hinar. Thadous (and their other kin groups such as, Dongel, Maissao, Luphung Luphao, Ngoilu, Lamhao, Thengeo, Touthang, etc which are not in the list of recognized tribes).
The above is wrong and fabricated information, the first Aimol tribe to Purum tribe are Naga (Haomee of 7 Yek Salai only the last 6 tribes from Gangte to Hmar are Kukis. Page 35. The Kukis of Manipur a historical analysis by T.S. Gangte.

(b) No old and new for indigenous people
The indigenous people of Manipur now united as Haomee (Nagas and Meiteis) have no old or new Naga, or new Meitei. The time of arrival of old and new Kukis are the difference of 15 years to 20 years. That will automatically seen and demonstrated in the following paragraphs. First let us see the following historical records and documents.

I. Major General Sir James Johnstone.
The Kukis are a wandering race consisting of several tribes who have long been working up from the South. They were first heard of as Kukis, in Manipur, between 1830 and 1840. The new immigrants began to cause anxiety about the year 1845, and soon poured into the hill tracts of Manipur in such numbers, as drive away many of the older inhabitants.

II. Seeing that the Kukis had been driven North by the kindred but more powerful tribes, and that their first object was to secure land for cultivation.

III. Kukis original home cannot be ascertained, but there seem to be trace of them as far South as the Malay Peninsula.

IV. T.H. Lewin (1870-130) said that on the Chittagong side, the Kukis were described as:-
“......... men who live in the interior parts of the hill and have not used fire arms and whose bodies go unclothed”. Please mark that this area was also known as “Land of Wild Tribe” upto 1580 AD geographical History. These are the Kukis who claimed as the loss tribe of the Hebrews the ancient most civilized race.

V. Col. Dalton (1872:44) Commissioner said that the Kukis were first known from an article which appeared in the Asiatic Researcher Journal Vol. VII 1799.

VI. Hutton (1928:24) said that the origin of the word Kuki is not known “but it first appeared in” Bangal in the Asiatic Researcher Journal Vol. II 1872.

When the nomadic Kukis were driven to the North they walked up on the un-administered and narrow sandwiched areas of Tripura, Manipur and Cachar. They were often used as porters’ labours and thus were known as Coolies so Kuki is corrupted word of Coolie as found in many articles.

VI. (a) The Kukis in Cachar and Bangal.
The Kukis are all immigrant from the South and forms by inhabiting the hills South of Cachar, from which they were driven northward by the more powerful people from the unexplored country between British territory and Burma.

VII. In 1867 the number of....Colonies had risen to 1967. In 1867 the number of 500 new immigrants had come from Manipur. The establishment of Naga Hill Districts, deprived this colonizing scheme.

8. Hebrew or Mongoloid group and brother of Meitei.
With all the stories cited above Kukis who migrated from the far South in Asia during the middle of 19 century claiming themselves as Loss Tribe of Hebrews the ancient and one of the most civilized race of the world. They are Semitic, white/light skin handsome, tall and beautiful and most intelligent people, Kukis also claim themselves as elder brother of Meitei, Kukis never knew what script is. Is the Hebrew script also same script of Kuki. They have no difference between right and wrong.

9. Aim and objective of Kukis.
The Kukis have a big aim and endless objectives:-
(a) Aim is to live in Manipur disguised as indigenous people of Manipur by any means fair or foul, even if they will never be able to prove” it. During this critical time they have to occupy all the possible land and make complete demographic change, physical occupation which will come in their favour. They are already more than halfway through.

(b) Objective is to create a Kuki Homeland and Kuki State for further and further expansion. They have boldly demanded 71% of Manipur as their homeland without any objection from any organization or by anyone showing their gratefulness for giving them shelter and showing generosity as un-communal faithful subordinate friends for Kukis grand objective. It is only the Federation of Haomee, International Meitei Forum and few organizations and intellectuals who had been objecting Kukis demands. They are ready to sacrifice or do anything to stop such demand. If GOI, continue the “Divide and Rule Policy Appeasement and Delaying Tactics”, then only the ethnic clash will decide the issue.

(c) Ingredients to Demand Home state. There are two (2) important ingredients for demanding Homeland/State within the concept of human rights declaration and meaning of Human Rights. Firstly the race or tribes should be indigenous people living and settling contiguously in a reasonably big areas and had been fighting and sacrificing for their cause. This is the reason that the immigrant Kukis have been manufacturing all kinds of concocted stories boldly and blatantly to make the people believe that Kukis are indigenous people of Manipur. After the down fall of Manipur kingdom and after seven years of devastation, the coming of Kukis will bring loss of identity of indigenous people. It will be discussed in the subsequent paragraphs.

10. History of kukis written by Kuki themselves.
All the concocted, manufactured stories with various kinds of forgery of historical, records and documents with the intention to cheat by the Kuki writers, intellectuals and historians are with the aim and objective of a Kuki homeland /state in Manipur as mentioned above.

11. Review of origin, Triat and Reliability of Kuki.
(a) It is our dedicated appeal to all the people, intellectuals, particularly historian and judges to make a critical analysis of what the Kukis had been doing since the time of their migration in Manipur and the entire N.E. This is the warning to the question of ethnic clash disintegration and balkanization of Manipur, It is not a spark neglected burns the house but it is a wild fire neglected, burn the nation. Please do remember the above Para 10 of one single sentence and keep asking to yourself what is the aim and objective of the Kukis, if they get it what will happen? Who are they? When did they come? How many of them are in Manipur? Are they speaking the truth? Who are indigenous people of Manipur? How and why Meitei and Nagas should know Kukis identity? Etc. We are giving you a ... summary of the true story for your own review and opinion.

(b) During this time when I am in the process to study about the Kukis, I am really lucky to have read “Wild Races of the Eastern frontier of India” by T. H. LEWIN and another book “Notes on the THADOU KUKIS” by William Shaw. No Indian writer will be able to give such ground reality with its stories and authentic reports with all their practical experiences. In the first book part III deals with all tribes known as “sons of the rivers”. They are the Lhoosai or Kukis and Shendoos .....”They are in every respect wilder than the Khyonngtha: they are more purely savage as un-amendable to the lures of civilization..........necessity of their life.

(c) All the three parts quote copiously from the ancient authorities who extensively toured these regions and gained firsthand knowledge of their social life...... the south East Asia. A valuable mine of information....... in search of knowledge of these races.

12. Trait, Betrayal Opportunist, Savagery Nature of Kukis
This summery of what actually happened as illustrated from the narrative given from Page 45to50 of the book “Notes on the Thadou Kukis” by William Shaw will tell you the truth about Kukis. Arrival of Kukis in Manipur

Shitlhous with the Shingsons.....Moved up into the north Cachar hill which was then in the hands of Tularam Senapati Kachari. Another group, Sangnao and Khaochangbung chiefs of Chithous and their adherents moved up along the hills between the Barak River and the Valley of Manipur thus they came to the present Valley Chassad. The next story is sepoy mutiny where Kuki proved themselves as traitors, betrayal, opportunists and anti Indians and servants of the Sirkar (British) There are unforgettable shocking stories of Kuki savagery nature and killing of Indian freedom fighters after betrayal.

(a) Sepoy Mutiny and Kuki Traitors.
It is pertinent to mention few of the stories which Kuki-nomadic tribe claim as their contribution to Indian freedom fighting; whereas it was stories of Kuki traitors, marauders, opportunist, and their diabolical triats giving deadly blows to the to the indigenous people of the entire North East India from those days till to-day. The Indian troops in Sylhet and Silcher mutinied and after killing their officers gathered together with the intention of going to Manipur and settling there (after further studies, not mentioned in this book one Manipur Prince Norendrajit (Sana Chahi Ahum) was also with such group of Sepoy mutiny. There were Thadou Kuki levies used by the Cachar Rajah and British against the raids and troubles by Angami Nagas.

Kuki Traitors massacred of Indian Freedom Fighters.
13. Mangjahu Kuki, the traitor killed Indian Mutineers.

(a) The Thadou Kuki Levies/Militia said they would join the mutinies and fight their enemies with them be they even the Englishmen. So the Kukis were allowed to enter the fort in great numbers. Mangjahu Kuki the Chief of Khongdosei Village was the head of this movement and led the Thadou Kuki Sepoys. Instead of helping the Indian Sepoys, they killed them all, and capturing all their arms handed them over to the Sirkar (British) in consequence more arms were supplied by the Sirkar to the Kukis and they were then used in greater number in N.E India. Even in Manipur they were deployed in the present SADAR hill areas, the name brought fraudulently by one Kuki officer during or immediately after British rule.

(b) Kuki opportunist ran away : During Kachari uprising the Kukis ran away and Kuki Levies/Militia disband. The Kukis who were loyal to the British and killed the Indian freedom fighters after treacherously.

(c) Betraying them : There is another shameful story on Page 148 of the History of the North East frontier by Alexander Mackenzei he said... “but I noticed that the Thadou historians do not seem to know of the reasons for the abandonment of this Militia, or should I say that they prefer not to remember it” Page 46 notes on the Thadou Kukis”

By:- William Shaw
The story goes like this “Sambhudhan, the leader of their insane and murderous revolt had not been arrested .......hence our police are practically helpless when following up offenders whom the people desire to serene.

II. In the chief commissioner’s opinion no people came worse out of this affair than the so called Kukis Militia. They gave no information before hand of the probability of a Cachar rising and they were found of no use after it hunting down the fugitives or collecting evidence against them. They were first to run away at Gunjoug , and the only kookie sentry there was at Maibong also ran away they were accordingly disbanded by the order of the chief commissioner... This is story which the Kuki historians prefer not to remember it. However the Kukis manufactured a proud History of “Kukis war of Independence 1817-1919” in Manipur as contribution of Indian Independence.

14. Nchlam Kuki chief of Chahsat group
The Kukis who came up along the hills between the Barak river and the valley of Manipur were similarly used by the Raja of Manipur placing them among the Kacha Nagas, and those on the east were used as a barrier against the Burmese. When Nehlam Kuki chief of the Chahsat went to pay his respect to the Rajah he was well received. After the reception Nehlam chief went to the political agent and did likewise. The Raja hearing of this become much enraged and sent for Nehlam chief. When he was produced he was murdered as the Manipuris thought he would become a follower of the “British and not do what the Manupuris wanted done”. This means that the nomadic Kuki immigrants cannot have two masters and cannot play diplomacy in the Raja’s independent Kingdom. The Rajah knew that Nehlam Kuki will play the role of double agent and will take opportunity from both and create problems at opportune time for their selfish ends.

15. Soya Kuki Chief of Songohal Village
A great warrior with a powerful following established himself at the present site of Laibong Village of Charachadpur Sub-Division of Manipur state. When the Raja heard of this he sent for Soya who appeared presenting a gong to the Raja but he was put to death because of his independence. The prudent Raja visualized the danger of such nomadic immigrant Kuki leader and his intention to grab land.

16. Thungkhopao Chief of Laikot :
Village on hearing of the above he took all the Chahsat group with Soya followings over to the Raja of Alva(ec.Ava-Burma) and requested that revenge may be taken for such deed against the Raja of Manipur. The Raja Alva said he would do so in three years time and permitted Thungkhopao to take up his residence in the hills on the west of Alva. During this time Tungkhopao killed some people of the Raja of Alva’s hill tribes and was sent for to answer for the deed. Tungkhopao feigned illness and was persuaded by the Shitlous to submit to the raja of the Manipur who had the British to help them for safety sake. This illustrate general trait of opportunist Kuki right from the time of their migration in Manipur. Now Kukis are demanding Kuki Homeland in the migrated foreign country, Manipur.

(a) And so Tungkhopao and Chahsat group came back and were allowed to reside in the hills to the west of the valley. This was in Sana Koireng’s time.

(b) This was the help of Sana Koireng (Tikendrajit) that the Kukis again were allowed to reside in Manipur. Surprisingly Kukis did not help Tikendrajit and did not give shelter at chasat after he was defeated by British (c) In return the chief of Chassad, Tongilu (Tonglhu) said that he was seriously thinking for his father Nehlam who was murdered by Raja Chandrakirti and thus, even think of revenge and did not give protection to Sana Koireng (Tikendrajit). Kukis knew that the Manipuris have no chance of winning the war so they need not and will not help the Manipuries. (Page 49) Notes on Thadou Kukis W. Shaw.

17. Manipur prince Narendrajit and sepoy Mutiny mentioned above.
(a) These Mutinies were not Indian troops of sylhet and Cachar but the 3 companies of the 34th Bengal Notive Infantry (NI) from Chittagong, who had reached Sylhet and Cachar through Tippera, (History of Assam, Ch XVII), who says that the ...... heading for Manipur were repeatedly attacked by the regular troops and by Kuki scouts, and that ultimately only three or four escaped deaths or capture (Ed) connecting and reviewing some untold but true story of Manipur is concerned... “Taken advantage of the arrival of the mutineers by some of the Manipur chief in Cachar and several joined them with a view of getting their aids in over throwing Manipur government under British protection. Among them was Narendraqjit or Sana Chahi-Ahum” (three years in his mother’s womb), a younger son of Maharaj Chourajit Singh fought for the mutinies. It is said that this Prince have strongly developed long arms, even his fingers reaching down below his knees. Some of his dresses which illustrate the mighty size of his physique is still kept in reserve by his descendents. However the prince was made prisoner after he received a gunshot injury and handed over to the British officers; he was eventually transported (E.W.D 1987,47)...It is supposed that nearly if not all the mutinies were killed captured or perished miserably in the jungles of the Manipur and Kuki hills chin by the Kuki.

(b) The above was an epoch when the opportunist, wandering immigrant Kukis; intruding in all the unadministered, border areas of sovereign principalities had to show their loyalty to the protector British for their survival. Perforce they had to be loyal and obedient to their powerful masters, albeit their mentality, nature were dominated by wild barbaric opportune and selfish nature. The two words loyal and opportunist do not club together, inspite of that for the Kukis in that era, they can be called selfish, opportunist loyal Kukis.

(c) The above epoch making period under review came to an end when Chingakham Sanajaoba and Manipuri Lambus told them that the British power was on the wane and soon disappearing. Some of the Kukis had seen the world when they went to France as labours of the British labour corps. They were convinced that the earth is not quite as small as they held it to be previously. However these are minority.

(d) Now, the Kukis realized that a wandering, immigrants life is not a life of civilized human beings and so their leader P.S. Haokip is crying, as Kuki do not have even an enclave either in Myanmar or India. Mr P.S. Haokip president KNO. After writing all the fabricated stories about the Kukis as if their empire was more than half of the South East Asia; in the end of chapter-Ill of Eastern Zalin-eam (Burma) brazenly he lamented with the following word “an autonomous enclave for the Kukis is warranted a hundred times over, both in India as well as in Burma, but such a concept has been (elusive) in both the countries” It is quite clear that Kukis will never have peace, they will never have sense of security, they will never be free from harassment until they have their own land, their own nation state whether it be within India, within Burma or without. The area and location of this “nation state” is already demarcated by history.

Page 22-23 of “Zalin-Gam The Kuki Nation” By:- P.S. Haokip.
Can Haomee suggest to the GOI if they can give some Homeland of Kukis in the big states, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana? Or they may be asked to go to Israel if they are Loss Tribe of Hebrews.

18. In spite of all the confrontation between the indigenous people Haomee (united Yek Salai of Nagas and Meitei) and the new immigrant Kukis; it is sincere advice and warning of Meitei and Nagas that Kukis should learn to live as loyal subject of Manipur respecting the cut off year as 1951.Something is better than nothing.

19. If G.O.I. and Government of Manipur cannot stop the influx of these foreigner Kukis it is nothing but encouraging ethnic clash. Definitely there is no one in Manipur government to convince G.O.I about these most dangerous problems. Let the Kukis make all the concocted stories. All the old, one time independent state/principalities of Tripura Dimasha/Cachar Ahom/Assam, Khasi, Garo and Manipur know the immigrant Kukis and also know well about the Kukis and the time of their arrival from the South. The part of the stories had already been mentioned above. Now it is mandatory for the Haomee to contact all these neighboring state and get the true stories of the Kukis and send it to the government of India and United Nations organization. GOI should not take this issue lightly since India may lose the whole NE and may happily go and join some powerful country and merge in that group of Mangoloid people. In that case we also never knew if GOI will rather prefer it and be glad, as once Jawahalal Nehru said good bye to the people of N.E during the Chinese aggression in the year 1962.

20. Influx of Kukis and demographic change.
One Mr. Lein Gangte published in Imphal free Press in September 2015 demand clarification in his rejoinder he stated “During the reign of Maharaj Budhachandra Manipur Darbar recorded 250 Kuki Villages in the year 1946-47” RK Rajendra happily endorsed his statement that it was inclusive of 174 Villages in Churachandpur as declared by Maharaj Bodhachandra on 18 oct 1948 in Manipur Darbar. If we deduct these 174 Kuki Villages of the then Villages of Sadar circle No. 3 of Churachandpur there were only 76 Kuki Villages in other parts of Manipur during and up to the reign of Maharaj Joi Singh (Chingtham Khomba) (1759-1761) (1763-1798) there were hardly to 10 Khongjai Villages in the border areas of Manipur that too mostly disputed unadministered areas between Manipur and Burma. Khongjai’s were never known as Kukis in earlier Manipur. Though they were of the same variety of similar mongoloid tribe they were not Thadou Kukis the new name given by the British. Now there are more than 3000 Villages of Kukis in Manipur.

21. The Kuki Rebellion, of 1917-1919 may rightfully be called as “Kuki traitor’s rebellion against the King of Manipur” or “Kuki Rebellion against Maharaj Churachand and the people of Manipur -1917-1919” Historians remember that Kutingthang Chief of Jhanphei declared himself as King (Maharajah) of Manipur during Kuki Rebellion. He was not exiled but released after few years. However, Chingakham Sanjaoba was exiled for life.

Conclusion:
All the people of the present generation in Manipur, the Meiteis, Nagas, the Yek Salai-cha and Haomees do not know their own identity and the history of their own people and their own land. Still the government of Manipur and Ministry of Education never thinks of learning the history of Manipur.

Forgery of Historical Records.

(a) History is the most important document of the people and the nation. It is the proclamation of the continuous accurate records of evidence and events of the past and present. The events of documents and records of to-day will be the history of tomorrow. Now due to the emergence of the unbelievable dangerous situation, it is obligatory and unavoidable for the brave patriots of Manipur to disclose and point out and expose the willful concealment of material facts by some immigrant Kuki conspirators disguised as Indigenous people of Manipur. All that they have written fraudulent, making, or altercation of writings and records with intent to prejudice the rights of other Indigenous people.

Legal Action required
(b) It is most ridiculous that whenever we give the correct answer and the truth to the Kuki immigrants against their misleading, deceitful writings and rejoinders they never reply or answer the questions, but they intentionally give and reproduce the same fabricated story after a few months or even years without any remorse. It is clear that only serious legal and punitive action by the government will set them right. However, will this government do that? What we, indigenous people Meitei and Nagas will do even after we know that we are descendants of the same ancestors.

 

By :
Lt. Col. (Retd.) R.K. Rajendra Singh

Published By. Federation of Haomee, Manipur.

Consulting to Indian States, Assam, Manipur, Arunachal for Indo-Naga Peace talk is deceive to the World not only to Naga

Consulting to Indian States, Assam, Manipur, Arunachal for Indo-Naga Peace talk is deceive to the World not only to Nagas.!

(23/06/2018)

-The talks are between the Government of India and the Nagas, NSCN IM

The seven (7) Northeast state of India (eastern Asia), was never part of India. no Indian ruler is known in the history who rule this place. More than 200 ethnic groups or tribes living here, among them Nagas are the first nation that on 14th august 1947 openly declared their independence out of the Indian domain.

India must understand that struggling more than 70 plus years and sacrifice more than 4 lakh Nagas that comprises less than about 2 million people for independence Nagalim was great sacrificed and enough to prove that Nagas will not surrender the political rights of the Nagas. The heroic struggle of the Nagas resistance enjoys popular support from the world. It indicates that India will not be able to crush the zeal for freedom of the Naga People.

From Gandhi to notorious Nehru to Modi through their fake commitments, agreements, truces, ceasefire…etc repeatedly deceived the Nagas. It would only block our struggle temporarily, not permanently. India has been applied all their notorious evil techniques, except nuclear bomb, to crush the Nagas but failed. This means it unveils the fact that India will have to leave Nagalim today or tomorrow.

To integrate Nagas Inhabited areas which were divided arbitrarily by the British-India, India tries to set a thief to catch a thief. Our leaders should comprehend the Indian game plan. also, the state of Manipur, Assam, Arunachal should stand against their common foes (Indian), knowing the historical background setting aside their petty interest if they stick the peace, development in the region. They should narrow down their differences including territorial disputes as Nagas didn’t demand other lands.

Nagas should not trust the Indian leadership and bureaucrats, they made so many commitments, signed on many agreements and accords, held so many dialogues, observed hundred of a ceasefire but all those bring fail to bring any changes. All these are tools of bluffing the people of the Nagas.

Nagas should also cling to our original demand of holding a plebiscite in Naga land that Nagas voluntarily held in Nagaland in the 40s to disprove the Indian constitution.

Historical evidence says, Indian leaders in their words are very generous but they are equally dishonest in deeds and practices.

Let the international community wait and see how the honeymoon of dialogue & ceasefire of Indo-Naga peace ends!

Pictures - Global Nagas Mass Rally in New Delhi

The Significance of Martyrs’ Day – 27th August 1948: UNC

 

                                    The Significance of Martyrs’ Day – 27th August 1948: A Narrative

Before the advent of the British into the Naga Country, the Nagas lived in Village republics and were free from any external interference and domination. With the coming of the British, boundaries were redrawn arbitrarily to suit their administrative convenience and also to keep the allies of the British in good humor. As a consequence, the Naga territories were placed in the different states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Nagaland in India and some part in Burma.

During the First World War in 1914-1918, Nagas rendered their service in the Labor Corps of the British force and went to France as British subjects. This journey across the land and seas fostered the concept of Naga Nationalism. In 1918, the Naga Club was formed by the union of educated Nagas, and the foundation of future Naga Politics was thus laid.

Naga politics and the fight for their rights, land, and people.

1) The Naga Club submitted a memorandum to the Simon Commission at Kohima on 10 January in 1929 demanding in clear terms that the Nagas should be left alone as before when the British leave India.

2) In 1930-32, the “Naga Raj” movement was launched by Haipou Jadonang, a Zeliangrong Naga and Rani-Gaidinliu, his cousin sister in the then Tamenglong sub-division to free the people from the yoke of the colonial rule. The former was hanged by the British on 29th August 1931 at Imphal Central jail and subsequently, Rani Gaidinliu was arrested and jailed.

3) The Nagas of Manipur were independent of the Manipur Raja before the advent of the British. Even after the British came, they were administered by the political department of the British Crown. The Manipur Raja and his Darbar administered only the valley area till 15th August 1947.

4) As the departure of the British became imminent, Naga leaders, both in Manipur and in the then Naga Hills District of Assam began to seriously ponder over their political future. Thus the Naga National Council (NNC) was formed by the Naga people in February 1946 to fight for their rights, land, and people.

5) On the other hand, in September 1946, the Naga National League (NNL) was organized to consolidate the Nagas of Manipur in order to bring together the Naga people separated by colonial boundaries. The members of the Working Committee of the NNL were as follows –

1. Athikho Daiho : President 4. Hepuni Prajii : Vice-Secretary
2. Ng. Thaiso : Vice-President 5. Kapani Kashiprii : Treasurer
3. N. Modoli : Secretary 6. Kholi Puni : Assistant Treasurer

6) In the same year (1946), the Government of British India proposed the creation of a North Eastern Frontier Province including Manipur, Tripura, and Assam. Hijam Irabot, the Meitei leader, quickly formed an organizing committee with himself as the Chairman and opposed the creation of the North Eastern Frontier Province and instead demanded a Legislative Assembly for Manipur for which a memorandum was submitted to the Governor-General of India.

7) To the dismay of the Nagas, against their wishes to live together with their brethren of the Naga Hills of the then Assam, the Government of India decided to grant a Legislative Assembly in Manipur. At this juncture, Mr. F. F. Pearson, President, Manipur State Darbar hurriedly constituted the Manipur State Constitution and the Manipur State Hill Peoples (Administration) Regulation Drafting Committee to work out an interim administrative arrangement for Manipur before the lapse of the British Paramountcy.

Mr. A. Daiho and Mr. Tiankham, representatives of hill tribes in the Committee pointed out that the draft constitution should incorporate the following clause - “the principle of equality and freedom as applied to all without distinction of caste, creed, and race shall include the right of any section of hill people to secede at the end of five years period should the condition within the constitution not be satisfactory”. Mr. A. Daiho and Mr. Tiankham made it clear that if the clause was not incorporated they would not be a party to the constitution. When the draft Constitution was submitted to the Maharaja of Manipur on 15/5/47, Mr. F. F. Pearson, Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee, drew the particular and personal attention of the Maharaja to the dissension of the representatives of the hill tribes.

8) Shortly after, in June 1947, the 9 Point Agreement was signed between the NNC and Sir Hydari, the Governor of Assam. Clause 6 of the Agreement, provided for the integration of the contiguous Naga areas into one administrative unit, and Clause 9 provided for the right to determine their political future after an interim period of 10(ten) years. The Government reneged on the terms of the agreement.

9) A Naga delegation met Gandhiji on 19 July 1947 at Bhangi Colony, New Delhi, and told him of their resolve to declare their independence. Gandhiji told the delegation that “Nagas have every right to be independent. We did not want to live under the domination of the British and they are now leaving us. I want you to feel that India is yours. But if you say that they are not mine, the matter must stop there. I believe in the brotherhood of man, but I do not believe in force or forced unions. If you do not wish to join the Union of India, nobody will force you to do that”. When his attention was drawn to the threat posed by Sir Akbar Hydari to use force against the Nagas if they refused to join the Union of India, Gandhiji exclaimed! “Sir Akbar Hydari is wrong. He can not do that I will come to the Naga Hills; I will ask them to shoot me first before one Naga is shot”. Assured by Gandhiji’s words, the Nagas declared their Independence on 14th August 1947, one day earlier to the Indian Independence day.

10) After 15th August 1947, when the paramountcy was transferred to the Maharaja of Manipur without the consent of the hill people, the NNL stated the Nagas of Manipur will not remain with the Meiteis since the latter had never conquered the Nagas and declared that it would be impossible for the Nagas to preserve the best of their culture, tradition, customary laws and political practices should the Naga people and their land be split up and placed under different influence and politics. The NNL expressed their strong desire to merge with the Naga Hills District of Assam through the BOYCOTT of the preparation of electoral rolls in Naga areas.

11) The President of the NNC wrote in his letter dated 26th August 1947 to the Maharaja of Manipur that the “right of secession “(from Manipur) demanded by the hillmen at the end of five years should be accepted for paving the way for goodwill between the hills and the valley and also the State and the NNC as a whole.

12) In the memorandum dated 24/1/48 addressed to Sardar Patel, Deputy Prime Minister of India, the NNL along with Naga chiefs and headmen stated that the Nagas of Manipur will accept nothing short of consolidation of contiguous Naga areas under one administrative unit by the Government through the immediate provincial authority.

11) Shortly after, another Memorandum dated 9/3/48 was submitted by the President NNL to the Ministry of States, Government of India stating that since no response to the persistent submissions made to the successive Governors of Assam and Government of India had been forthcoming and also because of the innumerable tactics of the Manipur State Government to suppress the rightful demand of the Nagas and other hillmen, a no-tax campaign would be launched and they would desist payment of revenue to Manipur State but pay the same to any such authority as may be determined by the Provincial Government acting on behalf of the Central Government.

12) In spite of the democratic demand for consolidation of contiguous Naga areas under one administrative unit and the explicit opposition to the Manipur State Draft Constitution by the tribe representatives, the General Election under the Manipur State Constitution Act 1947 was held in June 1948. The Nagas boycotted the election.

13) The “NO TAX CAMPAIGN” 1948: A landmark in the history of the political movement of the Nagas of Manipur. Thus the “NO TAX CAMPAIGN” was launched when Maharaj Kumar Priyobrata Singh was the Chief Minister of Manipur. The Nagas in Manipur refused to pay the annual House Tax to the Government of Manipur and under the aegis of the NNL submitted their annual house tax to Charles Pawsey, D.C. of Naga Hills of Assam at Kohima.

It was an act of defiance against the Authority of the State, under which the Nagas of Manipur had been placed without their consent. It was also a means of putting pressure on the Indian Government for securing the merger of the Nagas in Manipur with the Naga Hills District.

“27th August 1948 “MARTYRS’ DAY”: The Manipur Maharaja, Budh Chandra was in good terms with Sir Akbar Hydari, the then Governor of Assam, who was requested by the Maharaja to send a contingent of Assam Rifles to arrest Mr. A.Daiho. Sir Akbar Hydari, well known for his anti-Naga political stand, gladly approved and dispatched a contingent of 4th Assam Rifles along with State Police equipped with rifles and machine guns, to Mao Gate on 27th August 1948. The Assam Rifles took a position in and around Mao Inspection Bungalow in warlike fashion and indiscriminately fired at the volunteers/ students of the Mao-Maram Tribal Council (now Mao, Maram, Poumai, Thangal, and Upper Zeliang) who were blocking the road leading to the residence of Mr. A. Daiho.

In the firing, the followings were shot dead/grievously wounded by the Assam Rifles:
Name Village Status
1. Mr. Asiisii Hepuni Punanamei Volunteer (shot dead on the spot)
2. Mr. Mahriili Lohrii Kalinamei Student (shot dead on the spot)
3. Mr. Modo Kholi Kalinamei Student (shot dead on the spot)
4. Mr. Daikho Hesho Chowainamai Khullen Volunteer (succumbed to injuries)
5. Mr. Obow Adani Punanamei Volunteer (succumbed to injuries)
6. Mr. Kaisii Mathibo Punanamei Volunteer (expired 12th Aug 2013)
7. Mr. Obow Ashiho Punanamei Student (still alive)

Many other males and female volunteers and students received injuries from bullets, rifle butts, and boots of the Assam Rifles and Manipur Police on that day.

The indiscriminate firings and use of violent force dispersed the demonstrators and the two leaders viz. Mr. A. Daiho of Song Song village and Mr. N. Modoli of Tunggam village along with Mr. Kaikho Dili of Tadubi and Mr. Athikho Sibo of Song Song were finally arrested.

All the dead bodies, injured persons, and arrested leaders have herded away to Imphal in the Assam Rifles convoy. The Naga brethren from the neighboring Naga Hills district, who had come to show their solidarity with the Nagas of Manipur, followed the convoy till Kangpokpi.

After being kept at Imphal Central Jail, Mr. A. Daiho and Mr. N. Modoli were shifted to Dum Dum Central Jail as political prisoners.

14) Though the campaign was forcibly suppressed the seeds of political aspiration sown during that critical time never died. Having realized the futility of the non-violent movement to secure their inalienable right to live together with the rest of the Naga people, the Nagas of Manipur took to arms and became a part of the mainstream armed movement spearheaded by the NNC.

The armed conflict that followed saw the signing of the first Indo-Naga Cease-fire which came into effect from Sept. 6th, 1964, and lasted till 1967. It was operational in the entire Naga inhabited areas of the northeast region. The 1st Cease-Fire period saw 6 rounds of talks between the Nagas and the Government of India (GoI) which could not proceed with concrete progress due to lack of political vision and will of the latter.

Thus an armed conflict between India and the Nagas continued over the decades and has finally culminated in the second Indo-Naga Peace Process marked by the second Indo-Naga Cease-fire that came into effect on 1 August 1997, which today offers to bring about a lasting and honorable solution to the Naga issue based on the recognition of the unique history and situation of the Nagas.

15) The inherent and organized expression of the desire of the Naga people to live together also continued as a civil movement of which the United Naga Integration Council movement of the 1970s has been well documented. On 4th Aug.1972, in the joint agreement signed between All India Congress Committee and Manipur Pradesh Congress Committee on one side and United Naga Integration Council on the other side, the Congress Party stated that it does not oppose Naga integration movement nor considers the Naga integration movement as an anti-party, anti-national, anti-state or unconstitutional activity. The demand of the Naga people for the integration of the contiguous Naga areas into one administrative unit also finds clear mention in the 16 Point Agreement of 1960.

16) Over the years public declarations have been made and memorandum demanding Naga integration has been persistently submitted and pursued by the Naga people.

On 11th & 12th March 1999, the Naga Hoho, the apex tribe based organization of all Nagas, during its 6th Session at Dimapur passed the resolution on Naga Integration as follows – “The Naga Hoho put it on record that it stands committed for the integration of all Naga territories and its people under One Political roof, and also it considers the present Nagaland state as a temporary measure Pending Final political settlement of the Naga peoples aspiration which shall be a bounden duty of the Naga Hoho to strive for.”

On 8th and 9th August 2001 the first Naga Peoples’ Convention (NPC), the apex decision-making platform of the Nagas of Manipur was held at Tahamzam (Senapati) and declared “…that our identity and history have to be defended and preserved at all cost, and the firm political stand of the Nagas of Manipur is to uphold the resolution of the Naga people for the integration of all Naga areas under one administration”.

The 2nd NPC was convened on the 4th of November 2005 at Tahamzam which reiterated the 8-9 August, 2001 Declaration, and to further the realization of the declaration, the NPC also declared the Launching of Non-cooperation and Civil disobedience movements against the Government of Manipur.

In the subsequent “Declaration and Memorandum” submitted to the Prime Minister of India on December 15, 2005, at New Delhi, the Chiefs/Chairmen/Headmen of Naga villages in the present state of Manipur stated in no uncertain terms “…that any honorable solution to the Naga peace process must begin with the unification of the Naga areas.”

The 3rd NPC of the Nagas in Manipur was convened on 1st July 2010 at Tahamzam in the wake of the imposition of ADC Act, 2008 (3rd amendment), and election thereof, the ban on entry of Th. Muivah, the Naga negotiator to his native place and indiscriminate firings yet again by Manipur state forces at Mao Gate of 6th May 2010 in which 2 students, Mr. Dikho Loshou and Mr. Neli Chakho were shot dead and hundreds injured.

The 3rd NPC established the position of the Nagas on the basis of the unmistakable facts that it is impossible to protect their right to life, land, time-honored institutions, customary practice, and values under the administration of the dominant and communal Government of Manipur (GoM), and that their history with it, has clearly confirmed the harsh reality that the GoM has never recognized and respected the identity and dignity of the Naga people. It was declared the Nagas will sever all political ties with the communal Government of Manipur and because of the severance of ties; the vacuum in governance and administration created thereby must be filled with an alternative arrangement by the Government of India in consultation with the Naga people at the earliest possible time.

Consequent to this declaration and submission of the demand to the GoI, the latter initiated the democratic process of dialogue at the tripartite level of the GoM, GoI and the Nagas of Manipur under the aegis of the UNC on the demand for an alternative arrangement outside the communal GoM pending settlement of the Indo-Naga issue and it has logically progressed to a stage where a high powered committee would be set up by the GoI to translate the demand into a political reality.

Thus, in the political movement of the Naga people, particularly in Manipur, the issue that was brought to a crisis on the awesome day of 27th August 1948 has great significance. It consolidated the political consciousness of the Nagas in Manipur and provided a firm foundation for the peoples’ movement for the protection of their history, their land, their identity, their traditional institutions and culture, and most importantly for their collective and undivided future as a people.

While we observe this day in respectful memory and honor of those who suffered and made the ultimate sacrifice for the integration of all Nagas sixty six years ago during the No-Tax campaign, the Mao Students’ Union had perpetuated this day in memory by observing it as “The Martyrs’ Day”. Being a landmark in the history of the political movement of the Nagas in Manipur in particular and all Nagas in general, the observation of “Martyrs’ Day” was taken up by the UNC with the Mao Council as the Local Organizing Committee since 27th August 2005.

May this day of our collective remembrance of those who gave their lives, blood, and tears on 27th August 1948 strengthen the resolve, the sense of direction and unity of purpose of the Nagas to live together as a people with dignity and honor.

Publicity Wing
United Naga Council

**

In the first week of December 1946, thirty-three delegates from Ukhrul district attended the Mao Conference.

A. Daiho and R. Suisa spoke on Self-rule.

In 1947 March, R. Suisa and four other leaders organized meeting at Somrah.

On 29th August 1947, leaders from the Hills organized meeting at Tamenglong Headquarter.

On September 24, 1946, Tangkhul leaders had met at Hunphun Leingapha and formed a subcommittee for New Political Movement to bring the Nagas under an administration. Twenty leaders were appointed and there was a subscription of 8 annas (50 paise) from every household from 133 Tangkhul villages, 12 Somrah villages, and also Kuki villages in the district.

Manipur Naga Council was organized in the 50s. Lok Sabha member from 1957-62, R. Suisa mentioned Manipur Naga Council in his speech at the Parliament saying, " We have got our own MNC. How do you expect the Nagas to be happy when these Nagas are in Burma, some are in this new unit Naga area and some in NEFA, and some North Cachar Hills and some in Manipur? Can you expect the Nagas to be happy whereas all other different elements of the Indian Union have been grouped together according to their own communities so far as geographical position permits? So we have to see all these problems..why should they fight and why should they protest?" ( At that time, there was no Nagaland state. It was a district of Assam, under the Ministry of External Affairs. Manipur was a Union Territory).

Just before the Nagaland statehood was announced, five leaders of MNC and MP, R.Suisa were arrested and imprisoned for nearly a year in 1962 at Dum Dum Central Jail, Calcutta. They were: 1. Angnal Anal, President 2. T. Luikham 3. Z. Ramyo, Gen. Secy. 4. L. David 5. Z.V. Mingkathing, Vice Secy.

In 1964, MNC was merged with Naga National Council. R. Suisa became Assistant to Vice President, NNC.

NAGA SOVEREIGNTY RIGHT CAN NEVER BE COMPROMISED

NAGA SOVEREIGNTY RIGHT CAN NEVER BE COMPROMISED

15/Nov/2019

Nagas Sovereignty rights can never be compromised, it is inalienable, non-negotiable and not to be played upon.
Many Nagas are confused because they do not know the truth about Naga National history or because they have not contributed enough to be called owners or maybe the are deceived, betrayed badly by the Stooges, traitors and adversaries never to realize the Nagas inherent rightfully as independent People and Nation.
There are Four categories of Naga people found these days...
1. Stooges and traitors with adversaries in the chorus for another blunder...
2. Moderate Nagas who insisting on better status or upgraded Nagas to keep Nagas rights alive for future generations to pursue on.
3. The pseudo leaders, pseudo-Nationalist, pseudo Patriotic, the opportunists, and the ignorant masses who simply seek selfish desires taking advantage by shifting sides every time to swing and flows with the opportunity and majority moves.
4. The True Naga Patriotic who always maintain that Nagas are not Indians nor Indians the Nagas, further they have clarified that the uniqueness of Naga people and her National history as Sovereign independent People and Nation is inalienable as being recognized through the basics principles and events such as
1. Nagas submitted a memorandum to Simon Commission on 10th January 1929.
2. Nagas declared her independence on 14 August 1947 a day ahead of the Indian independence day with prior consultation with Indians Sole leaders non-other than the Father of the Indian Nation...
4. Nagas successfully conducted her National referendum called the historic Naga plebiscite on 16 May 1951 with a thumping victory over 99.9% in favor of Naga Independence which was immediately intimated to UNO for record and recognition...
5. Nagas rejected and boycotted the first supper imposed Indian election in Naga country in 1956.
6. Nagas have already condemned the sale our MOU of 16 points agreement and Shillong accord once and for all.
6. Nagas continuously defended her people and Nation with everything possible from the inception of our Nation to date from occupational forces and hegemonies.
7. The Nagas through NSCN- IM, inked ceasefire agreement with India in 1997 to be the genius World record 22 years of political talks without tangible outcome due to Indians double standard and diabolic policies.
8. The ceasefire agreement between the two countries came with the following conditions:

1. The talks shall be held at the highest Prime Ministerial level.
2. The talks shall be held from outside countries as witnesses...
3. The talk shall be held without any conditions and outside the Indian Constitution.

The Indian leaders right from the beginning promised to the Nagas to respect each other’s People and Nation but failed to keep their promises by invading and forceful occupation of Naga country after their Independence creating havoc's, Human rights violations with heinous and aggressive genocidal and chauvinist policies with their shameless acts with their own violations after her Independence.
They specifically declared that the uniqueness of Naga history is recognized as Sovereign independent People and Nation but retract back by eating their own vomitus.

Today after more than 7 decades of bloodshed and 23 years of political talks with every rightful status of Nagas as Sovereign independent People and Nation...they are trying their best to sabotage the hard earned trust, Negotiated Framework Agreement (FA) and recognition of Naga people’s rights as Sovereign independent People and Nation. But sooner or later the two Nations India and Naga-land/Nagalim shall exist as two friendly neighborhood Nations once the congenial atmosphere and upright intellectual generations and leadership come into existence to sit for the final solution who will respect the Father of the nation and Patriotic National leaders.
It is my sincere hope and prays that God will liberate our people and Nation once God-fearing leaders with upright and visionary intellectuals generations come to the power, who shall sit together to hammer out the Indo Naga political problem as per the uniqueness of our own people and National history sooner than the latter.
Till then let be sure and confident that God and truth alone shall reign at the end.
KUKNALIM.

Let us Rise again Nagas

Let's Rise again Nagas. !

19/Nov/2019

Naga National unity sovereignty, development and advancement is the duty of every Nagas Irrespective of age, sex, professionals, status, tribes, regions, factions, parties, undergrounds, over grounds, etc. 

It is the core responsible especially for every Intellectuals and right-thinking citizens of Nagas who Should give their best of the best of knowledge, wisdom, insights, labors and every effort to make our people and Nation very strong, prosperous, civilized and advanced people and the Nation. 

The freedom fighters are busy defending our people and Nation from the terrors aggressors and adversaries for decades in spite of some shortcomings which I feel is very much a great sacrifice made with commitment, dedication and determinations, which are truly commendable and befitting on their parts as many of our National leaders are exceptionally born to be True Patriotic, dedicated, committed Patriotic, and nonsensical pragmatic leaders. 

The rest of the majority over ground leaders are mostly in comfort zones fully corrupted and their families and children are enjoying in the palaces who are now against the Naga National cause and Patriotic whereas the majority young generations are so confused, irresponsible, complacent, demoralized, materialistic with easy living, no hard-working, no more patriotism, no Nationalism and no interest in Naga struggle for sovereignty in their minds and blood. 

This is the lacunae and sick of our society today where there is the famine of honesty, integrity, hard laborers, love and unity and pragmatic leadership. Unless we learn our own original origin, backgrounds, and uniqueness of our own history and revive to love and value ourselves as independent People and Nation we will soon become a lost people and Nation sure to lost our Identity in the near future which will soon put our posterity as slaves and beggars of the adversaries very soon. 

Wake up dear Nagas  

Let us rise up and pray for the betterment and salvation of our people and the Nation. 

KUKNALIM

Meeitei & Tangkhul Were never related

Meeitei & Tangkhul Were never related! 

20/08/2015

The Villages relationship that Indecision,  never Represent Wungram (Tangkhul)

When we translate the words, Meitei, Meetei into our language it gave some sense. According to some villages, Hungpung, champhung (Aphung) villages’ folklore there was a complete relation between these communal. While among this...some villagers deny the whole story but support least.
Hungpungwo legend goes to say that Meitei means... Mei = fire, Tei (thei,) = Seen which hungpungwo seen a fire while he claims to be his own younger brother from the Hungpung Hill. (And also the story as Hungpung thawaichao follows) Whereas champhungwo (Champhang) even plaintiff to say that his daughter Yaozala was only responsible for the relation between the Hill and valley. (Yaozala married to maharaja.)* The present Sawombung in Kangleipak and its areas in Imphal valley said that belongs to Champhungwo (Champhang)

Further, it is mentioned, stated that Tangkhul became the Maharaja twice.
Some historian stated that the Meiteis, occupying barely 700 square miles of Manipur valley/Kangleipak are the descendants of either Makhelians or the Tangkhul Nagas.
It is also believed that the Meitei tribes (Not all the Meitei) and the Naga tribes had the same forefathers. (Hearsay)
The Meitei languages have some affinities with that of Naga tribes. It is also stated that Meitei house was built the same Naga traditional house.

However, there are 240 plus Tangkhul villages and many as 16 plus Clans Tangkhul stated that Meitei was not and never related to Tangkhul in any matter. They were Alien to the Hills people since BC. They regarded Meetei as Mee= Human/people, Tei = different (different people/foreigners) certainly Hungpungwo and Champhungwo usually attend whenever the Maharaja calls for.
The stated, seven clans in Manipuri history couldn’t be relevance when we deliberated it never related to Tangkhul.

By taking the advantage of once intimated with two Tangkhul Headmen (chiefs) and as a precursor of/ to this villages it is a predicament that Meetei used the word "TANGKHUL" instead of mentioning the name of the villages. (*Every Village is Independence).
The Oldest village in Tangkhul, Phungcham Village, Phungchamwo even stated Meetei/Meitei is never related to Tangkhul.
We also cannot possible or simply countenance history as the festival of Lai Harouba or others! Meetei politician, Intellectual played well, tried their best. And Endeavour to bring communal harmony but just to protect Manipur Integrity and against the Naga land Integrity.

Some visional, chiefs, scholar including Prophet R.Suisa predicted that "Meetei and Nagas particularly the Tangkhul Naga would come and face in the battlefield." this statement however were also supported by Hungpung, champhung Village Headmen /chiefs that time will come to kill our brother and it would be inevitable for both of us. (Meetei and Tangkhul) even in the meetei secret books,/Puya, history such statements were written(*As stated by many Elders). Most of the meetei intellectual, educated and elders understand, known clearly.

It is high time to recollect our harsh moment and proceed for our better nation. The best solution is to depart peacefully for a better nation to live as a good neighbor.

*Some folklore said Thangal, Meitei (not all the Meitei) and hungpung village is the same but not all the Tangkhul.

TRADITIONAL HOUSES

WUNG / HAO TRADITIONAL HOUSES

All the Tangkhul Naga houses were constructed in minus shape with the main 5 pillars in the front side and 5 main pillars in the backside and besides a number of small pillars are put to support the long poles on both sides. The 5 pillars are erected in raw. The tallest pillar in the middle known as AKHOKA, next to is HARPOMA, last is ANGA.

On both sides the shortest pillar Anga is about 10 feet, Harpoma is about 14 ft, Akhoka is about 18 ft. in respect of the ordinary house.

The house of the chief or pipa or any rich, propertied persons the size, height is different.

Eg. - one of the oldest village, phungcham chief house was 40 ft long, 25 ft wide, 25 ft high before, during the 40s

South Asian History Did Not Begin with the Indian Independence Act of 1947

South Asian History Did Not Begin with the Indian Independence Act of 1947

South Asian history is an ancient history with its roots going as far back as 5000 BC. However by a tragic twist of political and historical events, this ancient history had been tempered with and even almost rewritten in the middle of the 20th century by the Colonial powers of Europe. In this turn of events, South Asian history was re-written to begin again from 1947. In the process, South Asian history in general and the Indo-Naga history in particular was made to begin afresh with the Indian Independence Act of 1947. This was done by the departing British imperial power through the Government of India Act 1935 and the Indian Independence Act of 1947. Through these Acts, three modern nation states that had never existed in South Asian history were created by the British in collaboration with the Indian National Congress, the All India Muslim League and the Anti- Fascist People’s Freedom League of Burma. The creation of these modern nation states was to the detriment of many smaller nations in South Asia and had horrifying consequences on them.

Prior to the coming to South Asia of the Portuguese, Dutch, Danish, French and ultimately the British from the 16th to the 20th centuries, there never existed any kingdoms called India, Burma or Pakistan in the south Asian Sub-Continent’s history. These modern nation states created by the British were formerly simply known as The Ava kingdom, Hindustan or The Mughal Empire and Bengal province. However with the departure of the British in 1947, these three huge modern nation states were created in South Asia. And into the bellies of these newly created giant nations were incorporated, smaller South Asian nations who formerly had their own independent national histories and independent geographical territories before the transfer of power. But after the transfer of power, these smaller nations were declared as Burmese, Indians and Pakistanis. Some of these smaller nations voluntarily joined the new unions but others were against their expressed wills, forcefully integrated with the new Unions. Thus in Burma, the Kachins, Karens, Shans, Mons, Was etc became Burmese citizens while in India, Independent royal kingdoms like the Manipuries the Ahoms, the Tripuries, the Kashmiries, Hyderabad and Junagadh became Indian citizens. In the Bengal province, the independent Chakmas of the Chitagong Hill Tracts became East Pakistanis.

As for the Nagas, they have absolutely no objections to the creation of these modern nation states if the parties concerned felt that they would have a better future by establishing these new political structures. However the objection is on the issue of forced inclusion of other independent nations who had been under the British Empire but wanted to revert back to their former independent status after the departure of the British from their South Asian Empire.

The consequences of the creation of these three modern nation states with regards to the Nagas are as follows:

The Nagas, as early as 1929, had clearly written to the British Simon Commission that before the advent of the British administration over 30% of their territories, they had been at intermittent warfare with the Manipuries to their North West and the Ahoms to their west. The memorandum went on to state that the two kingdoms had never been able to subjugate them despite of more then 700 years of conflict. The memorandum ended by pleading that, should the British decide to leave their South Asian Empire, the Nagas should be left alone “to decide their own future as in ancient times.” As a result of these statements, the British government left the Naga Hills under “excluded Areas” in the Government of India Act 1935. the Nagas also followed up their demand to be left out of the Indian Dominion by submitting six lengthy memorandums to the departing British Government before the transfer of power took place in 1947.These written documents were simultaneously followed by the submission of ten Memorandums to the incoming Indian Government before India became an Independent domain on August 15, 1947. To make things unmistakably clear, Nagas also declared their independence on 14th August and informed the UN as well as some foreign governments.

However, despite of all these political and historical events, after 15th August 1947, Nagas were told by India that from thenceforth, Nagaland had become Indian Territory and Nagas, Indian citizens.

As for the Chakmas, on 14th August 1947 they were rudely told to forget their King and their former kingdom and become East Pakistani citizens. This despite the fact that their kingdom had independently fought against the British Imperial power. Then after many years of suffering under the East Pakistani government where their lands were swamped by Bangladeshis and they were forced to become refugees in neighboring states, they were again told in 1971, after the Indo Pakistan war that thence forth they had become Bangladeshis!

Now who in the world had performed such a political magic in 1947 in which independent nations like the Nagas and others who had never been a part of India Burma or Pakistan were made to disappear into the bellies (Territories) of these giant modern nation states? Can the footprints of these smaller nations, imprinted in the soils of their own ancestral lands for thousands of years simply disappear into thin air by a simple wave of a British Magic wand called the Indian Independence Act of 1947?. In the process of rewriting this new South Asian history, and in order to let the new sovereign independent India and Pakistan have a new geographical map, Cyril John Radcliffe -a lawyer from England and a man who had never visited India, was summoned to come and draw the maps of India and Pakistan within a few weeks. What he drew in part, (particularly the Punjab and Bengal), without any special knowledge of South Asian historical and geographical facts now became the brand new maps of India and Pakistan.

Now, can such a political gimmick be accepted as historical and political facts? Today, India, Burma and Bangladesh have become the proud owners and custodians of this Britain made new brand of South Asian history. At the initial stages, armed with the huge cashes of modern weaponry that the British had bequeathed to these three newborn nations, they were able to brutally suppress any of the smaller nations who dared to challenge this historical injustice done to them. As for the Nagas, by the turn of 1954, British made Light armored tanks and heavy artillery along with 53000 Indian troops had moved into Nagaland to impose the political implications of this new South Asian history. In fact, because of this new re-writing of South Asian History, the whole of North East India and Burma has become a fierce battle field for the past six decades.

In this context, prior to 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, the Indian historian and the author of Glimpses of World History had stated that “By the tribal areas, we mean those long stretches of land between Burma and India which belongs neither to India or Burma or any other foreign powers”. However after India’s independence and realizing the advantage of an enlarged territory, he had made a full turn about and was now insisting that all the territories handed to India by the departing British government were now Indian Territory. This England trained Barrister was now a follower of the new South Asian British version of history despite all the facts to the contrary. This was nothing short of infidelity and treachery to the facts of South Asian history as Nehru knew it. Can a fellow Asian stoop as low as this in betraying his own South Asian kith and kin for the benefit of his own country’s political and economic gains? Nehru’s descendents and India’s politicians must give a reply to the Nagas and others who have died in their thousands defying this historical and political lie. But whatever the suffering and the pain may be, Nagas will never surrender their national and geographical identities to this false South Asian history. This stand is made on the historical fact that South Asian history did not begin with The Indian Independence Act of 1947. The inter-related corollary question is: Can some Caucasian and European colonizers be allowed to re-write and re-draw Mongolian Asian history and geography and be allowed to get away with it?

As for a solution to the 62 year Indo- Naga-Burman political conflict, the solution will come only when Indian and Burmese historians and politicians acknowledge the historical fact that besides India and Burma, there were also other nations who have evolved with them in the flow of South Asian history. India and Burma must admit that they are not the sole guardians or owners of South Asian history. However, if the two governments will not admit these facts, sooner or later their claims will be challenged in an international court of law. In this challenge Britain too will be seriously implicated.

-       Kaka D. Iralu